What you are missing is the voltage. You're paying for energy storage, not for mAh. If you put n cells in series, the mAh does not change, but the energy stored is n times as much, because that's how much more voltage you have. Since they're in series the current (mA) through each is the same.
Some batteries are rated in W-h (watt hours) which is directly proportional to the energy stored (1 W-h = 3,600J),
I imagine from the questions that you have asked that you are planning some project that may require a high capacity lithium iron phosphate battery that you would like to build yourself.
The only large capacity battery pack in high numbers production that uses a number of cells in parallel vs only a couple of large cells in parallel is the Tesla. All of the other EV seem to go with the large capacity pouch cells and then only use a couple in parallel. The advantage to the Tesla is that their power to weight ratio is almost double that of everyone else.
The disadvantage has to be safety. Tesla has 104 patents on its battery pack and most of them have to do with safety. Specifically with how to deal with single cells that short or go into thermal runaway. FYI the Tesla S battery pack uses 74 cells in parallel and then 96 in series.
I have read through their patents and none of them deal with any sort of system to repair or remove damaged individual cells. They just make sure that on the rare occasion that a cell does short or heat up, start fire etc., that it is contained to that cell. They do this by separating each cell by a certain distance, using active and passive cooling, using a fuse at each cell etc.
Tesla brags that they can replace an entire battery pack out of a Tesla S in only 90 seconds, but they make no claims about repairing that battery pack. In fact because of all of the safety features like fire proof foam, it takes a couple of hours for a person to get access to the individual cells of the Tesla battery pack and by that time you have ruined the structure of the battery, so it is no longer useable to the car even if you did replace the destroyed individual cell.
So to answer your question, it appears that they put a lot of effort into preventing a shorted cell from destroying the rest of the pack, but otherwise they leave it there and let the rest of the cells in that parallel group take over.
Remember that the Tesla is demanding a very heavy load from its battery, not only pushing the cells to their limits to get a further distance out of the pack (some owners report cell voltages that dip below 3.0 volts) they also demand a high current for the crazy acceleration the Tesla gets.
From reading their patents, Tesla believes that over charging is much more dangerous than over discharging (this is from tests they have done in their labs). Over charging leads to fires and explosions while over discharging tends to speed up capacity loss.
Good luck in your project. Using lithium iron phosphate cells you are already a magnitude safer.
Best Answer
these parameters are not directly connected.
Is more correct to say that internal resistance is related to battery discharge current. Indeed, a battery with higher discharge current will have a smaller internal resistance.
For example, a LiPo prismatic cell of 3000mAh used to have a bigger discharge current than a cylindrical LiIon with the same capacity.