Electrical – Simple AM receiver schematic

The voltage from V1 is divided between R1 and the B-E junction of the transistor. Since that junction is a forward-biased diode, the voltage drop across it is only about 0.65V; the rest of the voltage appears across R1, setting the magnitude of the base current.

The voltage from V2 is divided among R2, the C-B junction of the transistor, and the B-E junction. Since we've already established that the last one of those is 0.65V, we can say that V2 - 0.65V is divided across R2 qand the C-B junction. As long as this quantity is positive (i.e., V2 is greater than 0.65V), the C-B junction is reversed-biased.

It's a bit like asking how to build an internal combustion engine from a gearbox. It's just easier to get a receiver circuit and build it without reference to a transmitter circuit. AM or FM Receivers are usually more complex than an AM or FM transmitter. My advice is get a circuit by googling and disregard any commonalities with the transmitter you have built.

Why is it capable of being received on a whole load of frequencies even when you radically change tank capacitance and inductance?

Answer: because it's a badly designed transmitter with lots of harmonics being generated. You said you received it on 95MHz and 108MHz - it may well be transmitting on a couple of spaces in between that a digitally tuned FM receiver isn't able to perfectly tune to. FM receivers in the UK tune every 200kHz and conceivably there could be a couple of spots that they jump over.

You put a monstruous 1000uF cap across the coil - that cap at the sort of frequencies being transmitted probably looked like an inductor in series with several ohms and maybe moved things about a bit but, due to so many harmonics being generated you were still bound to find that an FM receiver could still pick-up the transmission. Here's a graph showing the impedance of an electrolytic capacitor changing to inductance above a certain frequency: -

How long is a piece of string or how much inductance has a piece of wire - wire has inductance and getting something like 0.1uH is trivial - 10 cm of wire has around 100nH = 0.1uH.