The simplified equations only work when you observe some basic assumptions. The most important being that the transistor is operating in it's linear region.
Leave out the transitor for a moment. How much current would you get through Rc if it was connected directly between the 20V supply and ground?
Then add in Re. You should end up with 20/(80 + 6.8) = 230 mA. This will be the maximum current that can possibly flow through the transistor. Given that there will be a small voltage drop across the transistor and errors from the resistor tolerance, that is very close to the measured value of 222mA.
Depending on what you are trying to achieve you may need to reduce the collector resistor or reduce the targeted collector current.
I think (tentatively) that this is what you mean - but you need to play around with the schematic editor and make your own version.
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
This is intended to work by assuming a 1.2 volt base-emitter drop, leaving 0.6 volts across the .3 ohm resistor, fixing the emitter current at 2 amps.
This is a decent start, but you need to keep a few things in mind
1) The data sheet really won't tell you about how the circuit will work. Note that, from figure 1, you can assume a current gain at 2 amps of about 3000. From figure 2, you can see that Vbe at 2 amps is about 1.7 volts, which would seem to mess up your calculations. But notice that this is a saturation voltage, and the note at upper right says that the transistor is being run at a gain of 250, not 3000. To understand this, you need to go study what "saturation" in a transistor means.
2) Let's assume that the Vbe actually is 1.2 volts. 1.2 to 1.4 is actually the number you can expect, so be prepared to change V2 to get the current you want. The circuit will work, right? Well, sort of. Let's say you have a 1 ohm load. Then the voltage drop across the transistor will be 12 - (2 x .3) - (2 x 1.0), or 9.4 volts. The power dissipated in the transistor will be 2 x 9.4 = 18.6 watts. Unless you do a very good job of heat sinking your transistor, it will get hot and may self-destruct. But let's say you do provide an adequate heat sink, and it just gets hot. As the temperature rises, Vbe will decrease (you need to calculate how much), and the voltage across R1 will increase. This will increase the current through the transistor. It will also decrease (somewhat) the voltage across the transistor as the voltage across the two resistors, but this will not compensate entirely for the increased current. As the current increases the power dissipated in the transistor will increase. In the worst case, you will get what is called thermal runaway, as the increasing temperature causes increasing current which causes increasing temperature, etc. and it all ends in the release of the magic smoke.
3) Trying to set the current by setting the difference in two voltages is, in general, a bad idea. The problem is that you are at the mercy of both voltages. In your circuit, think about what happens if V1 starts rising, or simply if it varies due to other (not shown on the schematic) loads.
Best Answer
Here is a non inverting level shifter that may do what you want;
Here is a simulation result;
Depending on speeds and current limits, you can adjust the resistor values to get the balance you need.