Electronic – Analyzing a BJT circuit

The DC collector current is determined by \$R_E\$:

\$I_C = \alpha \dfrac{9.4V}{R_E} \approx \dfrac{9.4V}{R_E}\$

Since you require \$I_C < 1.25mA \$, the constraint equation is:

\$R_E > \dfrac{9.4V}{1.25mA} = 7.52k\Omega\$

The second requirement, maximum output voltage swing, without any other constraint, doesn't fix the collector resistor value.

We have:

\$ V_{o_{max}} = 19.8V - I_C(R_C + R_E)\$

But, the voltage across \$R_E\$ is fixed at 9.4V so:

\$V_{o_{max}} = 10.4V - I_C R_C\$

\$V_{o_{min}} = -I_C * R_C||R_L\$

If you stare at this a bit, you'll see that maximum output voltage swing is 10.4V but this requires that the product \$I_C R_C = 0\$* which is absurd.

Now, if we also require symmetric clipping, then, by inspection:

(1) \$V_{o_{max}} - V_{o_{min}} = 2 I_C (R_C||R_L)\$

(2) \$10.4V = I_C(R_C + R_C||R_L) \$

Looking at (1), note that, for maximum swing, we get more "bang for the buck" by increasing \$I_C \$ rather than \$R_C \$.

Since we have an upper limit on \$I_C\$, (2) becomes:

\$R_C + R_C||R_L = \dfrac{10.4V}{1.25mA} = 8.32k \Omega\$

which can be solved for \$R_C\$.

*unless \$R_L\$ is an open circuit

7 years late, but this was a fun one to do some forensic math on! And it actually may be a bit of a trick question! The trick comes down to that you're given an input current \$I_B\$, not an input voltage.

First: The error was on line 3 when you calculated \$I_E\$. You actually found \$I_C\$ instead. You have to add \$I_B\$ to that to get \$I_C\$.

Here's the shortcut solution. If the BJT is in the active mode: $$ I_E=(\beta+1)I_B $$

That means that it doesn't matter what \$R_E\$ is, the current will just be \$101\times I_B\$. We can explore this a little bit more thinking about Ebers Moll

^{simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab}

Let's say we start off with \$I_B=0\$. At this point CE is positive, reverse biasing D2 - so no current flows anywhere. This is in cutoff. It doesn't matter what \$R_E\$ is in this case either.

Let's turn on \$I_B\$ a little bit. D1 is forward biased and D2 is still reverse biased (so it's in the active mode). The current through D1 is \$I_{D1} = I_B+\alpha_F I_{D1}\$. Solving for the current through D1 is \$I_{D1}=I_E= I_B/ (1-\alpha_F)I_B = (\beta +1)I_B\$. Again, the value of \$R_E\$ does not matter.

Ok, so our BJT is in the active state. That means: $$ V_BE=0.7\\ I_C=\beta I_B\\ V_o = V_+ - \beta I_B R_C=V_C\\ V_E = (\beta+1)I_B R_E-V_+\\ V_B \approx 0.7 - V_+ +(\beta+1)I_B R_E\\ V_{BE} \approx 0.7\\ V_{BC} \approx -2V_+ + 0.7 + (\beta+1)I_B R_E + \beta I_B R_C $$

That means that at some point \$I_B\$ gets large enough that the \$V_{BC}\$ becomes positive, and our diode D1 becomes forward biased. We are now in saturation mode. At that point, no matter how much we increase IB, \$I_C\approx I_E\$. \$\beta\$ is effectively reduced, but it's still basically \$I_E=(\beta_{reduced}+1)I_B\$.

So it's not exactly a trick question, but it's a question about controlling a BJT with current instead of voltage.