Generally there are two labels on most caps.
The first is the value, which is written:
<Digit><Digit><Exponential Notation>
It's generally in picofarads.
The second is the TempCo, or Temperature Coefficient. There are two common specification systems, namely EIA Class 1 and Class 2. This is the mysterious second label in most cases. It's generally written:
<Letter><Number><Letter> (though there are a few variations)
There are a few common tempcos - NP0/C0G, X7R, X5R, Y5V, Z5U
Tantalums, and bigger ceramics often also have the voltages:
<voltage number><+ or v>
Therefore:
104 K5K (small )
The value is 10e4, or 100,000 pf / 0.1 uF. The tempco is not standard, may be manufacturer specific/extended range.
10 (box box, perpendicular right upermost corner) 35+ (Tantalum Cap, bigger variant of the last one)
Need a picture to be more specific, it's very likely a 35v rated cap, from the 35+.
154 C1K (what is C1K, some other notation to Wikipedia?)
Capacitance is 15e4, or 150,000 pf / 0.15 uF. Looks to be a Class 1 dielectric from the C1K. Is this a large cap? the tempco is very good.
Orange Ceramic 333 K5X (what is 5X? X roman numeral?)
33e3, or 33,000 pf / 33 nF. Tempco is either manufacturer specific, or incorrectly read.
Brown Circle Slit 10n (no other marking, what is the op.temp?) (Diameter: 7.5mm)
10n very likely means 10 nf, or 10,000 pf. If it's ceramic, it's probably 50v. Likely a cheap part, if the voltage is not marked.
27J 100V (what is 27J?) (Diameter: 4.9mm, blackdot on the head)
Voltage rating is self evident. J is the multiplier, and I think there is a standard for letter multipliers, but I do not remember where to find it.
Blue Slit Square (triangle) 104K X7R50 (What is triangle? X7R50? Operating V?) (side = 4.9mm)
10e4 is the value - 100,000 pf / 0.1uF Tempco is X7R. the 50 is likely the voltage rating.
104 (side = 2.6mm, op.V? Tolerance?)
10e4 - 100,000 pf / 0.1uF. Voltage is not known
This is kind of a guess. Anyways, it should show how this sort of thing works. Older parts may vary wildly, and it's always just a guideline. The best thing to do is find the cap's actual datasheet.
A lot of the parts have unusual tempcos. Is this a automotive/extreme duty part which contains these components?
The numbers work like a resistor.
The first two numbers are just numbers.
The third number is the number of 0's after. It's in picofarads.
So:
- 103 is 1 0 000 or 10,000pf or 10nF
- 104 is 1 0 0000 or 100,000pf or 100nF
The letter next is the tolerance:
B +/- 0.10pF
C +/- 0.25pF
D +/- 0.5pF
E +/- 0.5%
F +/- 1%
G +/- 2%
H +/- 3%
J +/- 5%
K +/- 10%
M +/- 20%
N +/- 30%
P +100% ,-0%
Z +80%, -20%
Anything after that is usually manufacturer specific.
Best Answer
The brown capacitors have values in picoFarads
eg
47 = 47 picoFarad = 47 pF = 0.000 000 000 047 Farad !
10 = 10 pF
For the yellow and green capacitors with markings of the form
anb
Here n = nanoFarad = nF.
Note that the use of xNx here is (probably) unqiue to capacitors in the nF range - I do not recall seeing eg xPx or xUx markings ever.
However page 70 of this superbVishay ceramic single layer capacitors document suggests you might expect to meet any of eg
p68 = 0.68 pF
n15 = 0.15nF = 150 pF
5p0 = 5 pF etc
The green dot is quite likely to be a voltage rating, but alas I don't know what system it uses. There are several different colour/voltage systems. Typically this sort of capacitor is 50 Volt rated but this is not certain.
More usual nnX 3 digit markings
Most capacitor numerical markings are 3 digit and express the value in pF (pico Farad = 10^-12 Farad) with the last digit being a power of 10 multiplier.
So
Part of a larger tutorial series on capacitors. Deals in colour codes. Does not answer exact question but is useful
This does NOT answer the original question but is useful