How do I calculate the approximated time for the Charging and Discharging of the battery? Is there any equation available for the purpose? If yes, then please provide me.
How to Calculate the time of Charging and Discharging of battery
batterieschargingdischarge
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Edited 2017 - changed recommended long life storage voltage and added comments on fast charging using some recent systems. RM.
What YOU do as regards several of these questions depends largely on what YOU are trying to achieve or test.
Discharge to cutoff is fully discharged (to whatever remaining % that voltage represents). That's the easy one :-)
Percent dropoff of current in tail sets final % of max possible charged reached. There was a superb table given here within last week or so. Can supply later if you don't find it.
Real Men™ plateau at 4.2V and tail down to 10% or even 5% of the constant current rate. This gets the battery full and knocks the stuffing out of it.
Others terminate the current tail at say 25% of cc value.
Optimum lifetime for ongoing usage is at about the end of the constant current phase. That makes it very easy to locate - charge at specified current until desired max voltage is reached, then charge at constant voltage as desired. Here "desired" is to stop immediately. This is the point at which batteries tend to give significantly longer whole of life mAh of storage without grossly reducing mAh capacity per cycle. This is liable to be the point where older "fast chargers" tell you they have finished. Actual % total claimed varies but probably 70% - 80% range.
Newer USB input fast chargers use the term differently. In the case of USB the maximum available charge current at 5V is 5A so that the battery MAY be able to be charged at ~= 6A for the CC part of the cycle using an efficient buck converter to drop voltage and raise current.
[For a buck converter: Vout x Iout = Vin x Iin x efficiency_of_conversion]
Some systems such as QuaqlComms Quick Charge system allow the use of higher charger voltages (9, 12, 20) with specifically designed equipment, so battery charging can be faster for a given voltage provided that the battery specification allows this.
Maximum charge rates for LiIon and LiPo batteries are usually C/1 = 1A per Ah of battery capacity.
At 5V, 5A a USB charger can charge a 6000 mAh 1 cell LiPO battery at max rate - so eg a 10,000 mAh single cell battery used in some larger tablets can not be charged at the allowed 10A ! rate.
For long life storage where actual stored capacity is unimportant, LiIon and LiPo cells should be stored at about 3.7V.
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Using cells without protection adds to the rich tapestry of life. As long as you don't mind the occasional scorch mark on the tapestry that's fine. Note that part of the protection is a one time high capacity fuse under the cap for when things get out of control. Undervoltage discharge destroys. Charging from below a certain voltage at full rate can get fun, I'm told. Charging at reduced rate can bring cell up, I'm told. Below another second level they say don't even think about it. I've had very poor success in trying to get LiIon to misbehave. I have a box of unprotected cells that are very uncooperative about venting with lame etc. Strange. Sony and Apple and even HP seem to be much better at it :-).
If your load is from an LDO the battery current will be about the same and the load is 2200/150=14.7h or 1.6C
Looking at the voltage profile 1C to 2C, interpolate the average voltage ratio out/in for your regulator design, and remember that cutout rating voltage changes with test , supplier and battery model, which could be 3V, 2.75 or 2.5V per cell (x2 for 7.4 type) This could affect early cutout of regulator you choose or increase losses more rapidly.
Not all LiPo's have the same curves, but typical for 1.6C is 7.15 +/-0.3 from 80% to 20% charge at 20 deg. C. and a bit more at 30 deg.
(Edit) A buck regulator if 100 % efficient at load should reduce battery current. Your output voltage range is fixed at 5V but input is from 8 to 6V, thus the ratio is 5/8 to 5/6 or 63% to 83% (73% avg) which is your efficiency for an "extra low" (<1V) LDO regulator.
A good " buck" may give you 92% initially and increase as input drops on this part. But this rated for full load of 0.5A, so read the curves, but you would expect battery load to be 150mA x 73%= ~ 110mA and thus expect **20h from a 2.2Ah battery at 110mA average or 20h= 1.2C** vs 2200/150=14.7h for an ultra-LDO. http://www.ti.com/product/tps62170
This gives you ~36 % more time from efficiency gain and battery time, assuming your load is constant.
You may choose this regulator and bigger battery if desired operating time is more.
Best Answer
Discharge time is basically the Ah or mAh rating divided by the current.
So for a 2200mAh battery with a load that draws 300mA you have:
\$\frac{2.2}{0.3} = 7.3 hours\$*
The charge time depends on the battery chemistry and the charge current.
For NiMh, for example, this would typically be 10% of the Ah rating for 10 hours.
Other chemistries, such as Li-Ion, will be different.
*2200mAh is the same as 2.2Ah. 300mA is the same as 0.3A