Electronic – How to get UL approval for lamps and pendants

I think everyone probably has these thoughts at some point.

There are books/sites which recommend a bunch of "useful components" to have available. The only trouble is these things go out of date very quickly. For example the 741 and PIC16F84 are still being recommended in places even though they have both long (long long) since been surpassed.

If you know what is needed spec wise for your project (as you should do) then you can pick the components based on the specs. For example if you need 10MHz analogue bandwidth and you are using a 5V supply then you can filter opamp results accordingly. What speed does your uC need to run at 10MIPS? 40MIPS? what peripherals does it need? USB? SPI? CAN? Filter accordingly. Parametric searches are your friend here (all the decent sites like Mouser, Farnell, Digikey, etc have them)
This applies to just about everything, so there's no quick way around reading through datasheets and making an informed decision (unless you already used the part of course)

So I would say the answer is probably to jump in head first and start learning how to use the search tools properly (look at any help available) picking your way through the components, read the datasheets, learn about what the specs/graphs/etc mean.

I certainly remember being overwhelmed by all the different options and long winded datasheets, but after a while your brain gets pretty good at filtering out the info you need quickly. Still takes time though, and is not the most enjoyable task.
Of course, if you're sure of the specs and you can get someone else to do it for you that's always a good option ;-)
Keeping up to date with new chips is useful too, I sign up for all the new product notifications for various places.

Often I have a question, but I don't even know enough about the topic to know how to use the right words to phrase the question. Is one of the following one of the questions you really intended to ask?

• Which is better, the Micro 2440 "Stamp Module" or the Micro 2440 "SDK-Board" ( both from FriendlyARM ), for running a program I custom-write to display stuff on a touch panel? Both. These two boards are designed to plug into each other; neither one is useful alone. (But perhaps the "Stamp Module" could plug into some carrier board other than the SDK board, as described below).

• Can I buy a bunch of FriendlyARM Mini 2440 SBC SDK-Board + Stamp Module and FriendlyARM accessories from FriendlyARM, install Linux on it, install my own custom application on that, put it in a box and sell them to customers? Yes.

• Are there standard ARM Linux boards, small TFT monitors, etc. kind of like the FriendlyARM Mini 2440 SBC, that I could buy as separate components, assemble, then put my own custom application on it and sell to customers? Yes. Some of them are listed at "motherboards that run Linux".

• Do I need to custom-design my own hardware from scratch? No. While you could do that, another option is to assemble separate components, as mentioned above.

• If none of the standard ARM Linux board was quite what I wanted, could I save money by hire someone to custom-design a handheld Linux board for me that has exactly what I need, rather than using these off-the-shelf modules that have a bunch of stuff I don't want? Maybe. Because of economies of scale, standard off-the-shelf components are going to be lower cost than custom-designed products produced in lower quantities. It's often lower total cost to use a OTS component rather than design something new, even when the OTS component includes several things you never use. (This is one reason why smaller, lighter products are sometimes more expensive than bigger, heavier products that do more).

• If the standard ARM Linux boards plus the accessories I need are too big to fit in the handheld shape I want, but only because they include a bunch of stuff I wasn't going to use anyway, could I hire someone to more-or-less copy the design, leave out the parts I don't use, and fit it into the shape I want? Yes.

• • Option 1: prototype with a pile of "open hardware" boards. Once you confirm that the prototype does everything you want it to do (except it's the wrong shape and weighs too much), you or any engineer you hire can copy-and-paste the original schematics into one big schematic, edit that big schematic to cut out all the stuff you don't need, (optionally) cut the schematic into multiple boards, and then lay out one or (optionally) several PCBs in the appropriate shape you need. The engineer can design the PCB so it connects the remaining components exactly the same way, so the software can't tell the difference.
• • Option 2: If it looks like a pile of non-open-hardware boards, all from the same manufacturer, will do what you want, you can ask that manufacturer to design a custom board (or multiple boards) that fits exactly the shape you want. Pretty much any manufacturer is more than willing to produce a customized version of their products, if you pay them enough money for the up-front design and per-board price. If you are lucky you can negotiate that price to something you can live with.
• • Option 3: prototype with a pile of boards, some of them "open hardware" and some of them non-open-hardware from a variety of manufacturers. The engineer designs a "carrier board" so your final product includes the carrier board and a bunch of off-the-shelf components plugged into it -- all of the non-open-hardware components, and perhaps some of the off-the-shelf open-hardware components. Option 3 often gives the fastest time-to-market, because the carrier board does so little that it's much quicker to design and test it than a huge monolithic board.