Electronic – How to pick an inductor(s?) for an LC filter on a power rail

For a given RC time constant, you want to increase the value of R and decrease the value of C so that the product of these values is unchanged. The disadvantage is that whatever you connect to the output side of the filter must have a much higher input impedance than R or it will affect the time constant.

Inductors are commercially designed and supplied in three main types:

1. RF inductors, intended to be used in tuned circuits, as part of a filter, oscillator or modulator/demodulator block.
   • The key specifications for these are self-resonant frequency and Q (or stray capacitance / equivalent parallel capacitance).
2. "Energy storage" inductors, commercially known as "power inductors". Commonly found and used in Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS). You may find this inductors in non-shielded (cheaper) and shielded versions.
   • The key specifications for power inductors are the saturation current, self resonant frequency and construction details (fully shielded, partially shielded, not shielded). This last parameter sets a hard, upper limit on the maximum usable switching frequency at which you store energy in the inductor.
3. "Chokes", ferrite beads or blocking inductors, intended to block as much as possible all noise, clocks, switching noise and non-DC frequencies.
   • The key specifications for chokes is maximum saturation current (DC rated), equivalent series resistance and frequency response (or stray capacitance). Self resonant frequency and Q are not usually specified. Instead, a table or curve will indicate "how well" and "up to what" frequency the choke is doing its job: blocking RF currents. The cheapest chockes will not even specify the frequency response curve, which is not as bad as it may sound (depending on your application).

Answering more specifically your question:

• You are mainly interested in inductors marketed as "chokes", "beads" or "blocking". Though you may also find that some manufacturers market these as filtering or noise supressor inductors. However, beware of the marketing lingo, any inductor fulfilling the requirements below will do.
• In your circuit you are showing a typical use for a chocke: a low pass "L" filter. For a proper design, one would try to estimate the kind of noise to expect at V33 and the maximum affordable noise at AVDD. I assume you selected the 3.3uH value with this information at hand.
• With the same input information you used to arrive the 3.3uH value, you now can choose a suitable inductor, usually applying the following criteria:
  • Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) so that the voltage drop at the maximum current consumption is less than 5% of your DC voltage at the input. The 5% is fairly typical, however, it may be off for your actual application. For instance, let's say your circuit is powered at 3.3V and demands 100mA from AVCC under a worst case scenario. Then, you could do with any inductor with an ESR lower than about 33ohms.
  • The maximum (saturation) current for your inductor should be higher than the maximum (peak) expected current demand from AVCC. Following the example before, at least 100mA.
  • The frequency response curves for your selected inductor and ceramic capacitor (ey, the capacitor is also part of your "L" shaped filter, you should check also its frequency response) should effectively work up to your maximum expected noise source at V33.
  • Low priced, which can be sourced from multiple vendors, avaiable in a common/standard mounting package.