I'm trying to find a way to have one relay lock its state if the other is on.
Example, 2 relays total:
If relay 1 is on then relay 2 can't change state, either turn on or off. Meaning if relay 2 is on when you turn relay 1 on then you CAN NOT turn relay 2 back off. And, if relay 2 is off and you turn relay 1 on then you CAN NOT turn it on. Both relays need to be able to work independently i.e. no flipflop action or toggle action.
Practical application = Relay one is a 32v supply. Relay 2 is a series of relays that can flip a transformer around (swap primary and secondary) to flip step-up step-down function. You can turn on the 32v with relay 1 without consequence regardless of relay 2's state. However, if you already have relay 1 on and flip transformer around (relay 2) then you will damage the circuit from the voltage spikes. So, if relay 1 is on and you want to change the state of relay 2 you must first turn off relay 1.
It seems like something in the SR latch world may help but I'm having a tough time actually figuring the circuit out. The switches to activate the relays can be momentary or latching, as I can make either work.
Best Answer
This is simple, save for one big caveat:
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
In the circuit above, when S1 is open, K1 is off, allowing S2 to control K2's coil through the NC contact on K1. Closing S1 energizes K1, which connects K2's coil to K2's own NO contact via K1's NO contact -- if K2 is energized at the time, it stays energized through that NO contact, and if K2 is de-energized at the time, it cannot be energized by S2 any longer. In order to prevent K2 from glitching and dropping out when K1 changes state, R1 and C1 slow the release of K2 down by limiting the rate of voltage decay -- the needed delay depends on the relay coil sensitivity, but for a common DPDT relay, $$t\approx2.3\tau$$ as a starting point, with 20-25ms being a reasonable amount of time to wait for K1's contacts to settle.
If you wish S1 and S2 to be momentary operation -- they can be made this way using other contacts on K1 and K2 to stick them up (hold them on).