For the op amp below
- Open-loop gain is \$A=2\times10^5\$
- Input resistance is \$R_i=2\,M\Omega\$
- Output resistance is \$R_o=50\,\Omega\$
I am asked to calculate the close-loop gain \$Vo/Vs\$ and find \$i_o\$ when \$V_S=1\$ .
(Schematic diagram above from "Fundamentals of Electric Circuits" by Charles Alexander and Matthew Sadiku.)
Then I've redrawn the circuit and defined the currents as shown in the figure.
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Then according to those currents above I've applied KCL and also I've got these equations below.
\$I = I_1+I_2\qquad I_2=I_3+I_4\$
$$I_4=\frac{V_1}{5\,k\Omega}$$
$$I_3=\frac{V_1-V_o}{40\,k\Omega}$$
$$I_3+I_1=\frac{V_o}{20\,k\Omega}$$
$$A \times V_d=2\times10^5\times 2\,M\Omega\times I$$
$$I=\frac{V_S-V_1}{2\,M\Omega}$$
Then I've also written some equalities according to KVL in the closed loops but I was never able to find a relation between \$V_S\$ and \$V_o\$ or just ended up crosschecking the same equations. It all got tangled up.
- How would you solve this?
Best Answer
Assuming this is a problem from a book and we can assume ideal parameters to the opamp where no specifications are otherwise given, then:
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Assuming the equivalent circuit at the top for the opamp, the nodal equations are:
$$\begin{align*} \frac{V_X}{R_1}+\frac{V_X}{R_2}+\frac{V_X}{R_{IN}}&=\frac{V_O}{R_1}+\frac{V_S}{R_{IN}}\\\\ \frac{V_O}{R_1}+\frac{V_O}{R_3}+\frac{V_O}{R_{OUT}}&=\frac{V_X}{R_1}+\frac{\left(V_S-V_X\right)\cdot A_\text{OL}}{R_{OUT}}\\\\\therefore\\\\V_X&\approx 0.999955\cdot V_S\\\\V_O&\approx 8.999593\cdot V_S \end{align*}$$
The script I used in sympy (worth getting) is:
Just nodal is enough here. The main thing is to figure out the opamp model from the specs you were given.