I've seen a few manufacturers that make their high precision metal film resistors blue and their generic paper/carbon ones pale brown, but I'd guess it's not a universal thing...it's like when Walkers (Lays) crisps messed around with the colour flavour combos, everyone had to relearn cheese & onion and salt & vinegar grrrr!
Can some please explain "What exactly is Derating?"
Operating the part at lower values than rated specifications
How it is related to positive and negative temperature coefficient.
Running a part at a lower voltage or current means less heat is generated. Powering a 16v max capacitor, at 16v, is stressing it. Running a 20mA led at 20mA will only provide x number of hours of life, while running it at 10mA will provide y hours, where y is greatly larger than x.
Derating is limited to only resistors and capacitors or it applies to ASICs also.
Derating can apply to almost anything. Resistors, LEDs, Other Diodes, Capacitors, ICs, CPUs. Another common word for derating, in the context of computers and CPUs, is underclocking. As opposed to overclocking, where you run a cpu at a higher than rated speed, underclocking (aka derating) runs it at a lower speed, allowing for less heat and longer life. Mainly used when modders want to remove noisy fans.
As a note, some devices demand derating in certain situations. Resistors listed as x wattage, expect the resistor to be in free air at ambient temperatures with air movement over it. If you put it in a sealed case, or in heat shrink, or in a hot environment, you NEED to derate it down. Same with Solar Panels. The given rating is for IDEAL sunlight. Average sunlight will derate the output current and voltage.
Best Answer
In this context "R" means \$\Omega\$.
It really just substitutes for the decimal point and tells you the multiplier. You'll also see inductors marked 1R0 for 1.0\$\mu\$H, and resistances given as 4K7 or 10K0 for 4700\$\Omega\$ and 10,000 \$\Omega\$.
So the resistor with ID R16 is a 0.025 Ohm resistor and the resistor with ID R60 is a 33 Ohm resistor.