Electronic – Wien Bridge Oscillator: Why does equating the real part to 0 give the gain equation

impedanceresonancewien-bridge

I am learning about Wien bridge oscillators. Following Experiment No. 9: WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR USING OPAMP, they use the following schematic:

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They then arrive at the following equation half-way down page 3:

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They then equate the imaginary part to 0 to find the resonant frequency, i.e:

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This makes sense, because at resonance the current is in phase with the voltage, hence the imaginary part goes to 0. I don't understand the next part where they:

To obtain the condition for gain at the frequency of oscillation, equate the imaginary part to zero.

which expressed as an equation gives you:

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Why can you just equate the imaginary part to zero (i.e. the real part goes to 0) to find the gain needed at resonance?

EDIT: After @TimWescott's great answer I created a re-written version of the equation which shows the "missing link", i.e. Im() + Re() = 0:

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Best Answer

Because they're starting with the Barkhausen Criterion; loop gain = 1. The loop gain is $$\left( 1 + \frac{R_3}{R_4} \right)\left(\frac{RC s}{(RC s)^2 + 3RCs + 1} \right)$$.

Everything else comes from setting that to one, and then doing some math. Basically, they set that to one: $$\left( 1 + \frac{R_3}{R_4} \right)\left(\frac{RC s}{(RC s)^2 + 3RCs + 1} \right)$$

Then they make an equation where "stuff = 0". In order for "stuff" to be zero, then both it's imaginary and real parts have to be zero (not just one or the other).

It happens, conveniently, that in the circuit as shown, the real part depends on \$R\$, \$C\$, and the frequency of oscillation, \$\omega\$. So setting it to zero finds you \$\omega\$ as a function of \$R\$ and \$C\$.

Again, conveniently, once you know the frequency of oscillation (because you set the real part to zero), \$R\$, \$C\$, and \$\omega\$ drop out of the equation and you can calculate the gain.

But it is not "why can you just set the imaginary part to zero". You have to set both the imaginary and the real parts to zero, then solve that system of two equations to get two unknowns.

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