The table contains the minimal value for IOH but not the maximal value. What is that supposed to mean?
Note that this is the "current with voltage drop less than 0.4 Volts". The Minimum value is the only one of interest in this case - this has to be taken into account for the following logic. The maximum cannot be higher than the short circuit current, btw.
user manual tells in 7.3.2 (pg89) that for LPC1343 max output voltage is 2.6V
The chapter talks about the weak Pullup resistors in input mode. See Fig. 9 just above that chapter.
Why are no HIGH level output current values for I2C pins in datasheet
I²C is open-drain, pulling the bus lines high is forbidden except for the external pullup resistors.
I did not find the value of pull-up and pulldown resistors anywhere in the documents... why is that?
They are not resistors. In Fig. 9 you don't see resistors but transistors as weak pullup/pulldown. You cannot make "real" resistors efficiently on silicon chips.
Also look closer at the currents:
Ipd_min: 10µA at 5 V = 500 kOhm pulldown resistor
Ipd_max: 150µA at 5 V = 33,3 kOhm pulldown resistor
That would not look nice in a datasheet - especially when compared to common 1% resistors.
The driver is the output of one logic gate (or flip-flop or other logic devices), and the receiver is the input of another logic gate.
In any system using digital logic, you will have many logic circuits interconnected, with each interconnection having a driver and one or more receivers.
In that description, the driver and receiver are not parts of a single device.
Best Answer
This question is all about the required input levels into a logic device
The minimum value for \$V_{IH}\$ is the guaranteed value for a "1". In other words, if you equal or exceed this level the input circuit will definitely recognize it as a logical 1. Typically it might work a bit lower than this.
As for \$V_{IL}\$, the maximum value is that input level that would be definitely recognized as a logical zero. Typically this may be a tad higher.
If you look at this picture it might help: -
It describes inputs and outputs for a typical 5V logic scenario. Note how \$V_{OH}\$ (for an outputting device) is always bigger than \$V_{IH}\$ for a receiving device - this guarantees correct and unambiguous operation. This scenario would not be "spoiled" if \$V_{IL}\$ was a little bit bigger and \$V_{IH}\$ were a little bit smaller and, of course, this is where the typical values come in.