Discrete OPAMP Problem – Solutions and Analysis

bjtoperational-amplifier

I designed an opamp using discrete components (no specific purpose).

This is my circuit:
circuit diagram

Real circuit:
real circuit

I test the opamp by simple voltage follower circuit. Everything seems right.

Yellow: input signal. Blue: output signal. They are almost identical. Therefore, they look like single sine wave.
follower waveform

However, when I connected a large resistor (470kohm) between non-inverting input and my signal source, the output amplitude decreased (reasonable behavior due to not-large-enough input impedance) and considerable phase shift happened (this is what I am curious about).
source resistor circuit

Yellow: input. Blue: output.
source resistor waveform

XY mode view. About 26 degrees of phase shift.
xy mode

Could anyone explain to me what cause the phase shift? According to discrete transistors pico-farad level junction capacitance, this should not be the main reason for the phase shift?

By the way, is there any recommended book to read if I want to learn how to design opamp in transistor level?

Best Answer

Around 10pF of capacitance would cause that amount of phase shift with a 470kΩ resistor @16kHz, which is not implausible when you include the breadboard capacitance.

There's also Miller capacitance since the collector voltages are changing. You could reduce that with a cascode configuration.