Electrical – Common Emitter Amplifier Voltage Gain

amplifiercommon-emittertransistors

I'm trying to design a common-emitter amplifier with a gain of 25. I seem to have gotten the correct gain by guessing with my resistor values. Can anyone tell me how to calculate resistor values and verify that I am indeed getting a gain of magnitude 25?
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Best Answer

To a first order, especially if the emitter resistor is relatively large, the unloaded gain of a common-emitter stage is RC/RE (collector resistor over the emitter resistor.) This assumes the source impedance is << than the input impedance.

To get more accurate you should include the dynamic emitter impedance, which at room temperature is about 1/(40*IC) where IC is the collector bias current.

Over temperature re = VT/IC where VT=kTq K is Boltzmann's constant, q is the charge of an electron, T is temperature. Then your gain is Rc/(re+RE).

So making sure that your physical Re is >> re will make sure your gain is constant over temperature and shifts in bias due to signal. (Which can cause non-linear distortion.)

Of course if you bypass the emitter resistor then above the breakpoint your gain will increase to Rc/re in the limit, until other parasitics come into play.

The advantage of bypassing the emitter resistor is more gain, but with a more stable DC operating point.