Electrical – Effect of Reversed Phase Polarity on Active & Reactive Power of 3-Phase System

I am trying to investigate the Power/Energy of 3-Phase System under Different Faults.

I have a Three Phase Source and Load, Load is balanced i.e same phase angle and current (Phase-Neutral V = 230 rms, Current = 10 rms) for a power factor of unity (Ideally, typically 0.9-0.95). There is a device (Energy Meter) in between them which is measuring Power/Energy transferred from Source to Load.

Everything below is related to calculations and measurements of that Measuring device. Phase reversal/polarity does not have an effect on source /Load, only the Meter measurements will be affected.

I know about the phase sequence and Power equations of a 3-Phase Balanced System.

(Kindly forgive me if it gives you a headache, I realized after writing this question, how large it became)

I am using +ve Phase Sequence in my calculations.

So the Power Equation is like this;

P_Total = 3 * V_phase * I_phase * cos⁡θ

The Fault Condition is like this:
"The Phase_C and Neutral are swapped or Phase C polarity is reversed".
i.e. Black Wires goes in 5 and comes out of 6, while yellow wire goes in 7 and comes out of 8 of Meter.

In this condition, Meter shows Active Power of 9.249KW, Reactive Power
of 1.89 KVAr, while power factor is still 0.9.

Now I want to measure the voltages, their phasors and ultimately the Power.

This is what I am trying to do:

V_AN will become V_AC because Phase-C is now at Neutral connection.

Here, Positive Phase Sequence is considered for calculations.
Then the Phase-A Voltage will be as following,

V_AC= V_A – V_C

∴V_AC= Phase Voltage of A,Don^' t confuse it with Line Voltage of Balanced 3 Phase System

Inserting the values…

V_AC= v_rms<0 – v_rms<-240

V_AC= v_rms (cos⁡0+j sin0) – v_rms (cos⁡240-j sin240)

V_AC= v_rms (1+0)- v_rms (-1/2+j √3/2)

V_AC= v_rms (1+1/2-j √3/2)

V_AC= v_rms (3/2-j √3/2)

V_AC= √3 v_rms (√3/2-j 1/2)

V_AC= √3 v_rms < 30

Similarly,

V_BC= √3 v_rms<-90

V_NC=v_rms <-60

Now it gets tricky. To get Active Power P, i am trying to calculate Apparent POwer S = VI*.

For that, according to simple conjugate and multiplication properties of Complex numbers, Each Phase Voltage and Current will be multiplies after taking conjugate of current.

S_Total= S_Phase-A + S_Phase-B + S_Phase-C

S_Total= (V_A x I_A*) + (V_B x I_B*) + (V_C x I_C*)

S_Total=(V_A<30 × I_A<∅-30)+(V_B<-90 × I_A<∅+90)+(V_C<-60 × I_C <∅+60)

S_Total=[(√3 x v_rms x i_rms) + (√3 x v_rms x i_rms) + (v_rms x i_rms)] <∅

S_Total = 4.464 x v_rms x i_rms <∅^0

So,

Total Active Power,

P_Total = 4.464 x v_rms x i_rms x cos⁡∅

Total Reactive Power,

Q_Total = 4.464 x v_rms x i_rms x sin⁡∅

From Here, assuming, Power Factor =1, Each Phase Voltage = 230 Vrms, and I = 10 A rms,

Power Comes 10.267 KW, instead of 6.9 KW.

• Did i make any mistakes in calculations?

• Why Power Increased?

• It seems like the system is unbalanced now, but why there is no
  reactive power, it seems like that reactive power only depends on the
  power factor which is 1 in this case?

• Please review my calculations and tell me if I am doing something wrong. Because I did measure power through Three Phase meter, it showed the phase voltages as I calculated but overall power was around 6.8KW while my calculation show 10.267KW??

• If I am wrong, what will be right approach to calculate power in this
  scenario?

Thanks and Best regards..