Electrical – How does a traditional CC/CV circuit work

constant-currentoperational-amplifierpower supplypower-output-stage

I went through an application note from Texas Instruments referenced as snva829 ( the link http://www.ti.com/lit/an/snva829/snva829.pdf page 2 and 3) where they have discussed superficially the traditional CC/CV circuit.
Below is the circuit from TI application report SNVA829 How to Design a Simple Constant Current/Constant Voltage Buck Converter:

schematic

The converter requires a sense
resistor (R_SENSE), an amplifier and a voltage regulation circuit (V_z). The current flowing through R_SENSE sets
the voltage across R_FB , which is the feedback voltage of a controller. In this way, the current is regulated.
As R_OUT increases, the voltage on the output rises to a point where the Zener diode conducts, and the
device transitions from a CC converter to a CV converter.

My questions are:

  1. I understand that the Zener diode limits (clamps) the output voltage, but I did
    not understand how does this circuit limits the output current ?
  2. What is the role of the PNP transistor in the circuit ?
  3. What is the relationship between Isense and Ifb ?
  4. How does the output of OPAMP drives the base of the PNP transistor ?

Best Answer

After some search and contribution from internet, I could finally understand the principle of controlling a transistor through an OPAMP (the OPAMP takes whatever it costs to make vin- equls to Vin+). I provide below a simple solution to my question: enter image description here

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