Electrical – Looking for external watchdog chip for Raspberry Pi 3 model B board

Using an external watchdog circuit to cycle the power to all your on-board circuity is a rather good idea. It helps to cover cases where some stray external event has caused an upset on some silicon chip circuit. Sometimes these events, whether they be high voltage spikes, reverse bias on signal inputs or even alpha particles can cause localized latchup on-board the chip and the only realistic way to clear such fault is to cycle the power.

Using the scheme to connect the WDT to the enable of the voltage regulator does require some due diligence on your part.

a) Make sure the WDT circuit is not powered by the same voltage rails as the disabled regulator.

b) Make sure that the length of time that the regulator is disabled is long enough. Bypass and filter capacitors on the output of the regulator need to discharge to the greatest degree possible in order to qualify as a power cycle to the silicon. In many instances a millisecond or so of disable time will only allow a partial discharge of the output rails.

You most certainly can. According to the datasheet, the watchdog timer can be setup to reset the MCU or cause an interrupt when it triggers. It seems you are more interested in the interrupt possibility.

The WDT is actually easier to setup than a normal Timer for the same reason it is less useful: fewer options. It runs on an internally calibrated 128kHz clock, meaning its timing is not effected by the main clock speed of the MCU. It can also continue to run during the deepest sleep modes to provide a wake up source.

I will go over a couple of the datasheet examples as well as some code I have used (in C).

Included Files and Definitions

To start, you will probably want to include the following two header files for things to work:

#include <avr/wdt.h>        // Supplied Watch Dog Timer Macros 
#include <avr/sleep.h>      // Supplied AVR Sleep Macros

Also, I use the Macro <_BV(BIT)> which is defined in one of the standard AVR headers as the following (which might be more familial to you):

#define _BV(BIT)   (1<<BIT)

Beginning of Code

When the MCU is first started, you would typically initialize the I/O, set up timers, etc. Somewhere here is a good time to make sure the WDT didn't cause a reset because it could do it again, keeping your program in an unstable loop.

if(MCUSR & _BV(WDRF)){            // If a reset was caused by the Watchdog Timer...
    MCUSR &= ~_BV(WDRF);                 // Clear the WDT reset flag
    WDTCSR |= (_BV(WDCE) | _BV(WDE));   // Enable the WD Change Bit
    WDTCSR = 0x00;                      // Disable the WDT
}

WDT Setup

Then, after you have setup the rest of the chip, redo the WDT. Setting up the WDT requires a "timed sequence," but it is really easy to do...

// Set up Watch Dog Timer for Inactivity
WDTCSR |= (_BV(WDCE) | _BV(WDE));   // Enable the WD Change Bit
WDTCSR =   _BV(WDIE) |              // Enable WDT Interrupt
           _BV(WDP2) | _BV(WDP1);   // Set Timeout to ~1 seconds

Of course, your interrupts should be disabled during this code. Be sure to re-enable them afterwards!

cli();    // Disable the Interrupts
sei();    // Enable the Interrupts

WDT Interrupt Service Routine The next thing to worry about is handling the WDT ISR. This is done as such:

ISR(WDT_vect)
{
  sleep_disable();          // Disable Sleep on Wakeup
  // Your code goes here...
  // Whatever needs to happen every 1 second
  sleep_enable();           // Enable Sleep Mode
}

MCU Sleep

Rather than put the MCU to sleep inside of the WDT ISR, I recommend simply enabling the sleep mode at the end of the ISR, then have the MAIN program put the MCU to sleep. That way, the program is actually leaving the ISR before it goes to sleep, and it will wake up and go directly back into the WDT ISR.

// Enable Sleep Mode for Power Down
set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN);    // Set Sleep Mode: Power Down
sleep_enable();                     // Enable Sleep Mode  
sei();                              // Enable Interrupts 

/****************************
 *  Enter Main Program Loop  *
 ****************************/
 for(;;)
 {
   if (MCUCR & _BV(SE)){    // If Sleep is Enabled...
     cli();                 // Disable Interrupts
     sleep_bod_disable();   // Disable BOD
     sei();                 // Enable Interrupts
     sleep_cpu();           // Go to Sleep

 /****************************
  *   Sleep Until WDT Times Out  
  *   -> Go to WDT ISR   
  ****************************/

   }
 }