I want to make a transformer with a core of laminated electrical steel sheets. I have some EI core sheets, 0.5mm thick. My design is for a gapped core transformer, and the shape of the gap is unusual, so I need to cut the sheets to get the gap I want. I am considering using water jet cutting as the way to cut the sheets. The water jet cutting shop has told me that the process will make the steel sheets a little rusty.
I will stack the sheets first and bond them with a non water soluble adhesive, so the rust will not be on every sheet, but on the surface of the stack of sheets. How much of a problem would rust on the surface of the sheets be? What effect would it have on the efficiency/core loss of the transformer?
Water jet cutting involves no heat from friction so there is no danger of the heat affecting the magnetic properties of the steel. Conventional cutting does involve some heat from friction, but whether this is enough to affect the steel, I am not sure. It seems to be a case of No Heat but Rust VS No Rust, but Friction/Heat. Any thoughts on which is the best option?
PS. The summary of the study at the link below says “The experimental results show that the iron loss of the specimen by water jet cutting is the lowest, but the magnetic induction under the low magnetic field is the highest”
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11595-014-1076-3
However, this study says ”As a result of the test measurements, losses occurred in electrical steels cut with abrasive water jet are found to be higher than the other cutting methods.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0954405416666899
Hard to know which to follow, so for now I am just trying to think about the rust!
Best Answer
All Insulators are dielectrics and visa versa. Transformer Steel uses silicate coating as an insulation between layers.
From what I have found in Distribution Transformers (DT's) < 10MVA and > 10kV is that Dielectric Breakdown Voltage (DBV) is preceded by Partial Discharge (PD) at a lower voltage and all PD is caused by contaminants in gas or liquids and air voids in solids.
Rust is a contaminant. So rust and any contaminants especially steel burrs and attached silicate dust from the edges is a severe cause of PD. Invisible [ppm] amounts of contaminants are the chief cause of BDV variability in oil during new oil samples.
I suggest any additive to prevent rust is necessary or an air knife.
"Further on, cutting increases the iron loss due to two phenomena. On the one hand by modifying the magnetization profile and on the other hand due to the increase of hysteresis loss through modifications in the micro-structure and stress state of the material. "
An Application-Oriented Approach for Consideration of Material Degradation Effects Due to Cutting on Iron Losses and Magnetizability (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270282285_An_Application-Oriented_Approach_for_Consideration_of_Material_Degradation_Effects_Due_to_Cutting_on_Iron_Losses_and_Magnetizability [accessed Nov 16 2017]."