ElectroMagnetic Induction

It is technically true that very intense magnetic fields can do awful things to a human brain, but what you're asking about is current flow. In your example there is no return path for current flow, the circuit is not complete, and you are safe. If there was a second lead that could complete the circuit, then current could flow.

Of course, I should point out that if your example creates an extreme voltage, the path could possibly complete itself, through the air, in the form of an arc. Also, don't go thinking you can just put on thick rubber shoes and grab a high voltage line - the rubber forms a kind of capacitance, through which a lethal AC current can still flow to ground.

The good news is that it is possible, and it works. The bad news is that it only works on very small structures; it is possible to cool down a few molecules, but you won't be flash freezing turkeys any time soon.