Electronic – arduino – How to read in M-bus metering data with an Arduino Uno

Using a hall effect sensor as Starliner suggested will be one way to interface with the wheel. Achim and Shutterdrone's suggestion to use a reed switch makes more sense though, given the supporting hardware a hall effect sensor requires to get a clean digital signal.

You might be able to pickup a magnet and sensor from a broken bicycle computer but if you can't, a local component store should have one of each in stock. The advantage of a recycled sensor and magnet is the you will already have the mounting hardware.

There is a page on the arduino wiki on ReadingRPM signals. To calculate the speed multiply the RPM value by the circumference of the wheel (2 * pi * radius [in meters]). The result will be in meters per minute.

Edit: I've notice that the linked code is for systems with two pulses per revolution. One magnet is sufficient for your task. Additionally, for a bicycle computer you'll probably want the result to be in KPH (or MPH if you live somewhere that still thinks that's civilised). I've made some (untested) mods to the code on the wiki to print out KPH and pasted them bellow.

volatile byte revolutions;

unsigned int rpmilli;
float speed;


unsigned long timeold;

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  attachInterrupt(0, rpm_fun, RISING);

  revolutions = 0;
  rpmilli = 0;
  timeold = 0;
}

void loop()
{
  if (revolutions >= 20) { 
    //Update RPM every 20 counts, increase this for better RPM resolution,
    //decrease for faster update

    // calculate the revolutions per milli(second)
    **rpmilli = (millis() - timeold)/revolutions;** EDIT: it should be revolutions/(millis()-timeold)

    timeold = millis();
    **rpmcount = 0;** (EDIT: revolutions = 0;)

    // WHEELCIRC = 2 * PI * radius (in meters)
    // speed = rpmilli * WHEELCIRC * "milliseconds per hour" / "meters per kilometer"

    // simplify the equation to reduce the number of floating point operations
    // speed = rpmilli * WHEELCIRC * 3600000 / 1000
    // speed = rpmilli * WHEELCIRC * 3600

    speed = rpmilli * WHEELCIRC * 3600;

    Serial.print("RPM:");
    Serial.print(rpmilli * 60000,DEC);
    Serial.print(" Speed:");
    Serial.print(speed,DEC);
    Serial.println(" kph");
  }
}

void rpm_fun()
{
  revolutions++;
}

Also, I've enabled 'community wiki' on this, which I think means other users can edit it. If my maths is wrong (and you can prove it!) jump in and fix it for me. :)

You have two problems right now that are separate from each other.

1) Button bounce

2) Improper button wiring

First, you need to introduce a delay into your interrupt function so that it won't keep registering each rise and fall of the bounce as a separate button press. Use "delayMicroseconds()" because apparently you can't use regular "delay()" inside interrupts. Id suggest a 20,000 microsecond delay.

Second, you need to put a pull down resistor onto the digital pin that you are sampling.

The problem you are having is that the pin is in input mode and thus at high impedance (very high resistance) and thus has a tenancy to "float". If you put a voltage to it, it charges up like a capacitor and since the pin itself has very high resistance to ground, it takes a while for the charge to dissipate to the point where the Arduino will register a LOW again. A 10k resistor from the pin to ground will force the "capacitor" to discharge quickly after current from the button has stopped flowing.

Finally, the Arduino is pretty quick at it's read/write operations (I'm a mechanical engineer, ALL electronics happen "quickly" in comparison to mechanical systems, so it's relative I guess). Here's a link to some test results.

TL;DR verson:

What these values tell me, is that we can do about:

10 analog 10-bit readings per millisecond with analogRead()
128 pwm settings per millisecond with analogWrite()
220 pin reads per millisecond with digitalRead()
224 pin writes per millisecond with digitalWrite()
1056 pin reads per millisecond with direct port reads
1059 pin writes per millisecond with direct port writes