Electronic – Audio power amplifier features identification

bjtcircuit-designpower amplifier

There is the power amplifier circuit here:

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  1. How 18k/1k/.0012uF filter works in the input circuit?

  2. It's clear for me that Q1/Q2 is a transconductance stage: voltage in – current out. But where is that "current" (that has been amplified and moving through Q9-Q8-Q7) are transformed back to voltage (to form a transimpedance stage)? How that transimpedance stage can be identified in that amplifier where there is no resistor in collector of voltage amplifier stage because of current source is used instead of that resistor?

  3. Why 100 pF capacitor used at cascode? Is it not enough to use cascode to compensate Miller effect?

  4. What is the purpose of 100 Ohm resistors at Q11/Q12 bases?

  5. Why two different voltage sources are used for pre- and out- stages? And what is disatvantage if I will use one?

Best Answer

And a free suggestion about this LD low-distortion amplifier. The collector voltage of Q1 varies dramatically. The thermal dissipation of Q1 will vary also dramatically.

Assume the die size of this discrete transistor is 1mm by 1mm area, with thickness of 0.3 mm (the default wafer thickness in some foundaries. As the heat varies, the thermal timeconstant leads to thermal distortion; the tau of 1mm is 11.4 milliSeconds (the tau of 1meter is 11,400 seconds) and thermal tau varies as the square of the size change.

This thermal distortion modulates ALL the other tones.

Your power dissipation in the diffpair is about 200 milliwatts, or 4mA * 50volts. Or 100mW per transistor. Expect serious overshoot or undershoot on leading edges of squarewaves into this amplifier. Model it in SPICE, using voltage-controlled-voltage-sources to feedback the collecto dissipation into the base voltage.

Cure? Use PNP cascodes on the diffpair, with bases approx. -5 volts.

Notice Q7 has a cascade, to minimize the change in Collector voltage along with the unavoidable large changes in collector current. This is to minimize distortion from the self-heating of Q7 EB junction.

The Q1 has the same issue, because during times when the feedback loop is not controlling the output, the linearity of Q1 is very important.