Electronic – Choose the resistence with voltage divider sensor

resistorsvoltage divider

I'm on voltage dividers circuits for reading some sensors that changes their resistance (force sentive resistor).

With my tester (with input scale set on 200K ohms) I read 23 if sensor is not touched and 65 if the sensor is touched at maximum.

Now, I'm trying to read it with a microcontroller and with a 220 ohms resistor (red red brown) i read values from 7 (not touched) to 1 (touched). With a 1000 ohms (brown black red) i read values from 40 (not touched) to 15 ( touched).

I would like to get the best from this sensor and this microcontroller (it could read analog values from 0 to 1023) and I want to calculate the best resistor for get the best result and the biggest range of values i can.

Can someone point me out?

Best Answer

Ah, I once wrote an absolutely fantastic answer :-) for that!

I found that you get the maximum output range if the series resistor is equal to

\$ R_S = \sqrt{R_{MIN} \times R_{MAX}} \$

You'll have to admit that this just looks beautiful. So for your sensor that would be

\$ R_S = \sqrt{23 k\Omega \times 65 k\Omega} = 39 k\Omega\$

If you feed the resistive divider with the ADC's reference voltage you'll get readings of 380 and 640 for 23 kΩ and 65 kΩ, resp. That's a range of 260 discrete values, or a 0.4 % resolution. You can't get better than that without amplification or a higher voltage difference across the resistive divider.

Note that using the same supply for the divider and the ADC's reference the reading is completely independent of voltage variations!