Electronic – Determining which capacitor for a latching pushbutton circuit with NANDs

The main things that you need to look at when selecting capacitors for a power supply is the voltage rating of the capacitor, if it needs to be polarized, and the equivalent series resistance.

The datasheet of the IC that you are using will specify what value of capacitor you need and many times will specify the actual type of capacitor required.

Electrolytic Caps are polarized which doesn't work well for AC signal, but is the cheapest way to get a high value capacitance, which is why they are used a lot in power supplies.

So, in short, yes, any cap should work OK as long as you are in the allowable voltage range.

"Film Capacitor" typically denotes polyester or polymer film as the dielectric - as another answer points out, metallized film capacitors are the same thing: A metallic coating being applied to an extremely thin polymer film, to create the conducting electrodes of the capacitor.

In general, ceramic capacitors are somewhat non-linear in their frequency and voltage responses, compared to film capacitors. Another issue with ceramic capacitors is that they tend to behave as microphones, thus picking up ambient sound and modulating the voltage across them accordingly.

Also, for smaller values (a few pF), ceramics were more commonly used, while larger values were somewhat likely to have film considered as an option - or at least that was how it used to be, before capacitors became so inexpensive with the advent of SMT, that the price difference became negligible except for huge volumes.

Both film caps and ceramic ones are non-polarized, so that isn't a difference.