Electronic – Differential low pass filter to single ended -> Differential low pass filter

There is virtual zero benefit in using differential inputs for your application. Assuming the sensor is close to the uC, you'll be able to get almost identical results from either single ended or differential, +/- a couple LSB.

The real benefit of differential signals is in long cable runs and noisy environments, for increased common mode rejection. They're also very useful in instrumentation, when dealing with very small signals. A common way to deal with sensors that vary their resistance in small amounts, such as strain gauges and pressure cells, is to use a Wheatstone Bridge.

^{simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab}

This configuration by itself centers the measurement in the ADC span. \$V_+-V_-=V_{differential}\$ It's important to match the default resistance as close as possible. Any deviation from the default resistance will show up as offset in the measurement.

Again, this is done because:

1. the changes in resistance are very small
2. more often than not, the sensors are far away from the data acquisition and processing equipment

On reflection, the answer is to heed the advice "any time you can't find an opamp with two critical characteristics, use two opamps". A voltage feedback amplifier like the LMH6657 configured as a unity gain differential amp, followed by a high slew rate current feedback amplifier to produce the required voltage swing can together produce the result I need.