Electronic – Getting more information about a transformer

This transformer thing looks like basically a tapped inductor.

Perhaps you can determine the inductance and turns ratio by applying a pulse signal through a resistor and monitoring the rate of rise of current through the resistor. With a fixed voltage, the current (and thus the voltage across the series resistor) should rise linearly with time (ignoring the coil resistance and the voltage across the inductor- so only for small voltages wrt the pulse voltage). In other words, if you apply (say) 5V through a resistor and look at the slope of the voltage across the resistor while it is still close to 5V.. the rate of change will be dv/dt ~= V/L, so L ~= V/(dv/dt).

The turns ratio is the ratio of the square roots of the inductances, measured with the other coil open.

There are other things that are important in a flyback converter- especially the saturation current, but this should get you started. Probably the core is gapped (an air gap inserted in the magnetic circuit) to keep the core from saturating. It will be difficult to determine the number of turns non-destructively.

Your measured 2 A open-circuit current seems reasonable. You are measuring 24 VA, but the watts loss may be about 1/3 of that or 8 watts. You can assume that will be the iron loss and that it will not change with load. Once you load the transformer, you will see copper loss added to that. If you want to determine the efficiency of the transformer, you will need a wattmeter. If you search the internet, you should be able to find the procedure for performing open-circuit and short-circuit transformer tests and calculating copper losses.