Condom packages often say "electronically tested". How can you test a condom electronically?
Electronic – How to test condoms electronically
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When done in simulation, this type of testing would be called "directed testing". In other words...
If I put in data A, I expect result B.
If I out in data C, I expect result D.
etc...
(where all of the sets of data (A, C, ...) and results (B, D, ...) have been determined beforehand.
Normally one would try to find a way to eliminate the human (that's reading and checking the result on the monitor) from the loop - partly because humans are less reliable than computers, and partly for speed reasons.
However, the "constrained random testing" mentioned by others is generally the way to go if possible. In this, you generate randomised input, work out what the result should be for that input (using an independent model of the design), and check that the result from the FPGA matches what you expected. You will generally get much better coverage this way than by directed testing (although directed testing can still be useful for "hello world"-type bringup tests and for hitting specific corner cases.
For constrained random testing, you really need an automated mechanism for checking the result.
Unfortunately, the situation you describe does occur for various business reasons. In your question you don’t indicate if the parts are SMT or through hole. In today’s day and age it is hard to imagine widespread use of through hole parts. So I am assuming the manufacturing process is SMT.
As widely discussed by others, it is standard for all manufacturers of electronic components to ship parts that are tested and are in specification. I must say that I have encountered electronic component manufacturers shipping low cost untested parts. Some ship a percentage of parts above the order to compensate for the defective parts in the shipment. In almost all situations it is best to purchase reliable electronic components. In almost all cases the cost outweighs the benefits.
In the event one encounters such an undesirable situation, a combination of components testing and the use of statistical tools can benefit greatly. Let’s assume that you have to verify and validate a 10,000 piece batch of 1k resistors that has tolerance of 10%.
Method
- Select random sample of 30 resistors
- Measure and tabulate the data. Below is random set up values to help illustrate the concept. \begin{array}{| c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c |} \hline 809 & 1117 & 1059 & 1162 & 1045 & 939 & 1043 & 997 & 879 & 1144\\ \hline 1060 & 899 & 959 & 968 & 1004 & 1127 & 886 & 817 & 1190 & 1095\\ \hline 948 & 1144 & 1167 & 933 & 865 & 1136 & 947 & 955 & 902 & 1038\\ \hline \end{array}
- Calculate the average, and standard deviation.
Average:= \$1007.8 \Omega\$
Standard Deviation:\$=110.44 \Omega\$ - Calculate the, 1-\$\sigma\$, 2-\$\sigma\$ and 3-\$\sigma\$ values \begin{array}{| c | c | c | c |} \hline & \text{Low limit }(\Omega) & \text{High limit }(\Omega) & \text{Percent} \\ \hline 1-\sigma & 936.7 & 1049.1 & 68.27\\ \hline 2-\sigma & 880.5 & 1105.3 & 95.45\\ \hline 3-\sigma & 824.3 & 1161.6 & 99.73\\ \hline \end{array}
- So what it means for the data set is that \$68.27\%\$ of the population will fall between \$936.7 \Omega\$ and \$1049.1\Omega\$. Similarly \$95.45\%\$ of the population will fall between \$880.5 \Omega\$ and \$1105.3 \Omega\$.
- Based on this type of simple analysis you can accept or reject the parts. This type of decision making is cost effective and will greatly benefit your client.
A similar question and response supported by mathematical equations can be found at "How can the vendor be approved/disapproved based on validation test data?".
References:
Best Answer
First google result for condom electronic testing:
Lifestyles brand:
The latex has insulation properties. If a hole or defect is present, it will not insulate properly, hence rejected.