Electronic – I need help to identify a SMD component

The broken component is a N-channel power MOSFET being used to control the motor current.

^{simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab}
The MOSFET was packaged in one of the propietary variants of the 8 pin SOIC, such as PowerPAK SO-8, P-TDSON8 or LFPAK power-SO8. It probably had a maximum drain to source voltage of 20 V or more, an on state resistance of 10 mΩ or less, and a continous current rating of 10 A or more. In order to save costs, it was likely being driven by a microcontroller directly instead of a proper gate driver, necessitating good performance at a low gate to source voltage. As such, the mosfet was probably of the "logic level" type, having a very low treshold voltage.

You do not have to find the exact same transitor that blew up. Find a power MOSFET in a compatible package which is sure to be electrically equivalent or better than the original. There are many suitable mosfets out there from different manufacturers and distributors. For example SIR158DP, BSC014N04LS, PHK31NQ03LT or AO4310 should all work just fine.

The part is connected to pin 5 of the USB connector, which is the 5V supply from USB. It is most likely to be a fuse: either a PTC resetable fuse or a non-resettable fuse. Its marking are consistent with a SMT fuse, although to understand the marking you would need to know the manufacturer of the fuse. It is unlikely to be an inductor or ferrite bead, since those parts are usually unmarked.

After the fuse is a diode of some sort connected between the 5V supply and Ground. This is probably a TVS diode to protect the device against voltage transients.

If you follow the PCB trace it then passes through part which is probably a ferrite bead which is used to reduce EMI emissions. SMT ferrite beads are usually unmarked.