Electronic – Lighting either of two LEDs, or none, based on digital input

You can implement this with semiconductors provided the power supply to the circuit stays on all the while you want to have the transistors conducting current. This problem is also much easier to solve if you design for the current flow through the switches to always be the same direction.

Let's say that you design for 12V coming into the C (common) terminal of each "switch" and the NC (normally closed) and NO (normally open) "connections" will always be used to gate power to a ground referenced load from the incoming 12V.

For each pole you will need two FETs driven from a pair of control signals that are logically inverted from each other. You drive one FET ON while the other is OFF and flip the states when the "switch" changes state. In this 12V design you may find it easiest to use a P-FET since turning on the FET works nicely by pulling the FET gate to GND with the control signal. (If you use N-FETs it is necessary to provide sufficient gate drive above the 12V level signals that you are trying to switch). The two FET drive signals can derive from a single control signal by adding an inverter within the path to one of the FET gate drives.

Example Schematic - Note that you have to select the appropriate P-FET per your requirements.

This can be easily done with some logic gates (2 IC's):

I am using NAND's and AND's instead of OR's because the outputs of the LM3914 are active low. I found from another answer that the outputs are open-drain, so I added 100K resistors to all the inputs.

All inputs on the left come from the outputs of the correspondingly named LM3914 outputs.

If all LED's are off, the output of all three gates on the left will be enabled (NAND gate IC1A low, AND gates IC2A and IC2B high), and the output of the NAND gate (IC2A) will be low, keeping the transistor off.

If any LED is on, the output of its corresponding NAND or AND gate will be disabled, and the output of the NAND gate IC1C will be high, turning on the transistor.

There is a special case for LED2-4, which will be blinking. I added a diode D1, two resistors R11 and R12, and a capacitor C1 to form what is essentially a retriggerable one-shot. While any of the inputs to IC1A are cycling on and off, it keeps the input to the IC1C low and its output high, keeping the transistor on. IC1B is being used as an inverter, since the gate was spare.

This shows a simulation of the timer circuit using Circuit Lab. The input to the inverter is kept above the minimum logic high-level of 2v while the input is toggling:

I have not shown the power connections or other pin numbers, but they are available from any datasheet for the parts. You could also use other logic families, such as CD4000.

I realize it really looks like I should be using an OR gate instead of an AND. As mentioned earlier, it is all because the outputs of the LM3914 are active low. It turns out an AND gate is equivalent to an OR gate that has both inverted inputs and output:

Follow the truth table through for each gate if you don't believe me. So the inverted outputs of the LM3914 match up perfectly with the inverted inputs of the "OR", and the inverted output of the "OR" matches up perfectly with the inputs of the next OR.