On a generator, you have a prime mover (say, an engine) connected to the actual generator, which consists of either rotating coils of wire within a magnetic field, or rotating magnets surrounded by coils of wire.
The number of poles (magnetic poles) and the rotational speed determine the output frequency: Freq = Engine_RPM * Number_Of_Poles / 120.
Typically, a United States portable generator runs at 3600 RPM, with 2 poles, for a design frequency of 60Hz. Larger portable generators run at 1800 RPM with 4 poles here.
That is how frequency is determined. The number of turns and the magnetic structure determine how many volts are produced at the design frequency, voltage and frequency aren't related in any fashion except for design. Again, in the States, most portable generators are wound to have a 240VAC single phase output, which is center tapped and delivered as two 120VAC hots with one neutral, but virtually any voltage can be delivered.
The current output of a generator is determined by its load, as long as the load doesn't exceed the maximum capacity of the generator's prime mover (engine) plus the conversion losses of the actual generator. Prime mover power is often rated in horsepower (US) or kilowatts (everywhere else). With no losses, a 10 horsepower engine could deliver 7457 watts (actually VA for non-resistive loads) continuously, or 62.1 amps at 120VAC continuously. Try to take more, and the engine will slow down (reducing both the frequency and the voltage, which will also drop the current) until you reach a point that the engine actually stalls.
You get fluctuation of frequency and voltage as the load changes because the engine cannot respond immediately to the actual load change. There are regulators controlling the engine throttle that attempt to keep the engine at a fixed (design) speed, but it takes time for the engine to respond to new commands as it has to deal with varying fuel/air mixtures and combustion which aren't instantaneous.
As a clarification to other discussions here:
For a purely resistive load, halving the voltage would halve the current, and result in one quarter the power consumed. You can't say that just cutting the voltage in half cuts the power consumed in half. With some devices, that may be true, but it entirely depends on the load.
It is technically true that very intense magnetic fields can do awful things to a human brain, but what you're asking about is current flow. In your example there is no return path for current flow, the circuit is not complete, and you are safe. If there was a second lead that could complete the circuit, then current could flow.
Of course, I should point out that if your example creates an extreme voltage, the path could possibly complete itself, through the air, in the form of an arc. Also, don't go thinking you can just put on thick rubber shoes and grab a high voltage line - the rubber forms a kind of capacitance, through which a lethal AC current can still flow to ground.
Best Answer
You can control the turbine by controlling the electrical load on the generator if you have a system that can receive power from the turbine generator and deliver power to the load at any required rate. That type of system is used for existing wind-turbine induction generators. With a grid-tie inverter, there is no limit to the level of power that can be delivered to the grid. With an off-grid system, a dump load dissipates power in excess of the power required for loads.
To deliver power to a grid, a grid-tie inverter is required. For isolated loads, the induction-generator output can be rectified and furnished to the load through a DC regulator or converter. AC power could be delivered through an inverter that is not grid-tie capable.
Limits to the braking torque available would be mostly related to induction-generator, controller and dump load sizing. For something like a wind turbine, auxiliary mechanical systems may be required to "feather the prop" or bypass fluid flow.