Sometimes what looks simple is not that simple. You have a quite complex measurement to do, but you want a simple result. What you want to measure is not constant, it's varying in time. Depending on your level of requirement, you could compute one or many properties of the current consumption. These properties will help you to better monitor the system. I propose you 3 different solutions, in ascending complexity.
Solution 1: Average
You want to get a one-value result -> get the average in time. As already proposed by @akellyirl, use a low-pass filter. Compute float y = alpha*input + (1-alpha)*y for each sample, where alpha is the smoothing factor. See Wikipedia for the details.
Solution 2: Max + Average
You are interesting in getting the average, and the max value. Monitoring the max value could be interesting for component dimensioning for example.
if (y > max)
max = y;
Solution 3: Standard deviation + Max + Average
Why?
See below charts. There are 3 signals of different shapes. A triangle, a sine, and a spike signal. They are all periodic with same period, same amplitude, same average, and same min and max. But, they have different shapes, and indeed they have a completely different story...
One of the difference is the standard deviation. That's why I suggest you to extend your measurements, and include the standard deviation. The problem is that the standard way to compute it is CPU consuming. Hopefully, there is one solution.
How?
Use the histogram method. Build an histogram of all the measurements, and extract efficiently the statistics (min, max, avg, standard deviation) of the dataset. The histogram groups values together that have the same value, or same range of value. The advantage is to avoid storing all the samples (increasing count in time), and to have a fast computation on a limited number of data.
Before starting acquiring measurements, create an array to store the histogram. It is a 1 dimension integer array, of size 32 for example:
int histo[32];
Depending on the range of the ammeter, adapt below function. For example, if the range is 256mA it means that bin 0 of the histogram will be incremented by value between 0 and 8 mA, bin 1 by value between 8 and 16 mA etc...So, you'll need an integer to represent the histogram bin number:
short int index;
Each time you get a sample, find the corresponding bin index:
index = (short int) floor(yi);
And increment this bin:
histo[index] += 1;
To compute the mean, run this loop:
float mean = 0;
int N = 0;
for (i=0; i < 32 ; i++) {
mean = i * histo[i]; // sum along the histogram
N += i; // count of samples
}
mean /= N; // divide the sum by the count of samples.
mean *= 8; // multiply by the bin width, in mA: Range of 256 mA / 32 bins = 8 mA per bin.
To compute the standard deviation, run this loop:
float std_dev = 0;
for (i=0; i < 32 ; i++) {
std_dev = (i - mean) * (i - mean) * histo[i]; // sum along the histogram
}
std_dev /= N; // divide the sum by the count of samples.
std_dev = sqrt(std_dev); // get the root mean square to finally convert the variance to standard deviation.
The strategy of the histogram method is to make the slow operations on a few number of bins, instead of all the acquired signal samples. The longer the sample size, the better. If you want more details, read this interesting page The Histogram, Pmf and Pdf.
Best Answer
Your RLC meter assumes that the parameter you select is the only significant attribute of the item being measured, so when you tell it to measure R it assumes that the stepper motor coil is a pure resistor with no inductance or capacitance. In reality the coil has significant inductance which will increase the reading. At 10kHz the coil's impedance is mostly inductive, so the L reading should be fairly accurate but the R reading won't be.
For PWM current control the inductance value isn't critical - it just has to be high enough to keep current ripple down to an acceptable amount. However the resistance value is critical, as it determines the average current through the coil. At high frequencies the resistance will increase due to skin effect, but in the frequency range you intend to use and with the small diameter of the coil wire, its AC resistance should not be much higher than your DC measurement.
Ignore the RLC meter's AC resistance measurement. The DC value should be close enough. Use the lowest available PWM frequency that still maintains continuous current flow in the coil at the lowest PWM ratio you intend to use.