I am building a project which requires a very fine servo resolution (<=.1 degree). I understand there is a lot that goes into servo resolution like digital v analog, dead-band, # of poles, etcetera. However, all other things being equal, is there any reason to think that a micro servo would not be as precise as a standard-size servo?
Edit: Let's assume I have two servos of different sizes. Both are digital, 5 pole, geared servos and I have programmatically set the dead-band to 0. Are there factors I am not considering, like the electronics or manufacturing process, that would make the larger one more accurate than the smaller (or vice-versa)?
Edit2: I am building a drawing robot as a hobby project so I'm interested in model servos (ideally < $100) and my question is specifically for that market. I am more interested in resolution (making very short lines) than accuracy (the absolute positioning of the pen on the page) as long as the accuracy is fairly consistent for the whole drawing
Best Answer
Resolution is largely determined by deadband, as this is the smallest pulse width change the servo will respond to. Assuming that the servo rotates 90° for a pulse width change of 1ms, 0.1° corresponds to a deadband of 1ms/(90/0.1) = 1.1us.
Most hobby servos have a deadband of between 2us and 8us, with cheaper 'analog' servos generally being worse than high resolution 'digital' servos. Some digital servos can be programmed for a smaller deadband, but if the value is set too low the servo will oscillate as it continually overshoots the target position (which may eventually burn out the motor and electronics).
To reduce the deadband of a programmable servo you need some way to change its settings. Hitec and Hyperion have dedicated programmers for their digital servos. Unfortunately neither of them can set the deadband to 1us, perhaps because their servos are not capable of operating reliably with such a low value. Futaba S-bus servos can be programmed with their CIU-2 USB adapter, with a minimum setting of 0.03° (whether the servo can handle such a small value is another matter).
But resolution is one thing, accuracy another. Most servos measure the angle of their output shaft using a potentiometer. Any slop in the pot shaft, linkage or bearings will reduce positioning accuracy. Another factor is the resolution and accuracy of the feedback electronics.
The smaller the servo, the harder it is to achieve the tight tolerances required for high accuracy. At very small 'sub-micro' size it is difficult to make the pot and control board small enough to fit inside the case. Thus smaller servos tend to be less accurate, and the good ones are expensive! Smaller servos also have less torque, and so may be pulled more off position by a heavy load.