Electronic – My (single ended, class A) tube amp sounds great while it’s shutting off. What’s happening

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So, I have guitar direct in to a single-ended class A (12AX7 and 6V6) Champ-style amp. The amp is from the 60s and unbranded, it's likely a Pepco (Pine Electronics) Silvertone style circuit. It's been re-capped and upgraded with a safety ground.

When I shut it off while playing and keep strumming, I get a really nice compressed distortion that slowly fades off as the unit powers down. It also removes the hum (which makes sense, since AC power is disconnected).

I've tried using a VARIAC with the amp to recreate this effect but it actually cleans up the tone (and lowers volume).

My non-EE's guess at what's happening– A voltage spike from AC shut down is causing a higher-than-normal B+ (DC) voltage (causing distortion) which is stored in the power tube (?) at a lower-than-normal amperage (causing compression and a lower output volume) which then rapidly depletes (using up stored B+ from power tube) as it shuts down.

If I wanted to replicate this tone, should I use a multimeter to find the B+ line and what DC voltage/amperage it's at, then supply the same voltage/amps myself to that line (with the AC power switched off)? That is, if there isn't some kind of inductance happening or stored AC/DC somewhere besides the B+ causing my "sound".

Of course, my own guess could be totally off. I realize you all might be limited without posting the schematic (which I don't have). Any ideas?

Best Answer

Measuring B+ voltage is a good idea. A class A amplifier draws full plate current continuously, so it will drain the power supply capacitors quite quickly. The heater cools down slowly, so I think it is the B+ voltage drop that is causing most of the compression effect.

One characteristic of Pentodes is that the Plate draws relatively constant current at different voltages (unlike a Triode, which acts like a resistor). As a result the operating point will shift off center when the voltage is lowered, causing compression of the negative half of the output waveform.

In the curve trace below I have added load lines for normal B+ voltage (red) and reduced B+ voltage (blue) to show what I think might be happening. For lowest distortion the distances between Grid voltage steps along the load line should be equal. In the blue line you can see that the steps are compressed at the lower voltage end, and because the operating point (vertical blue line) is closer to that end the distortion is higher.

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Once you have determined what voltage produces the desired sound the next problem is how to get it there in normal operation. Tube amps often use a two stage power supply filter with a resistor between the first and second capacitors. You might be able to lower the B+ voltage by increasing the value of this resistor.

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Running the heater at lower voltage is not a good idea because the Cathode coating could get 'poisoned' (and it probably won't produce the sound you want anyway, since the lower emission will probably just reduce the gain and make it quieter).