Electronic – Non inverting op-amp gain LTspice

Have a look at the data sheet for the amplifier. on page 4 in the Electrical Characteristics section the max current (Io) is given as 60mA (the sign should just indicate the direction)

Opamps that can output large currents exist, just not this one. The output has a current limiting circuit built in which is shown in the schematic for the device sourcing current (consisting of the resistor above the output pin & the transistor to the left of that.) This works notionally as follows: As current flows out of the device, it passes through the resistor, developing a voltage drop across the resistor. The resistor is connected across the base - emitter junction of the transistor & as the voltage difference here exceeds the forward voltage of the base-emitter junction (nominally 0.7V - see other posts on that topic on this site), the transistor being properly biased, will start to conduct between collector & emitter. This current now flowing through that transistor used to flow (and be amplified by) the darlington pair at the top right of the schematic to produce the output current, but since that current is now diverted, it is unavailable to drive the output transistors.

The voltage output of the amplifier is limited by the supply voltage. Again look at the Electrical Characteristics, this time (VOH). It is given as 28V at VCC = MAX. Note 1 below the table says that 'MAX VCC for testing purposes is 26 V for LM2902 and 30 V for the others.' So for the LM324 MAX VCC is +30V, & the data sheet thus tells you that you will get at most 28V under this condition. (The Absolute Maximum Ratings section indicates that VCC MAX might be +32V, but lets not fight about that.)

This circuit should work perfectly well with only a single positive supply, particularly if both inputs are > 0V. This would usually be the case or there would be no load current.

Hope the above helps. It might have helped if the schematic transistors were labelled....

Just remember to study the datasheet for any component you use. The devil is in the details as they say.

You didn't supply a link to the datasheet, so this is only a guess.

Check the common mode input range of the opamp and see if it includes 600 mV. If not, then what you see should be no surprise.

Check the supply voltage range. Can it really handle 24 V.

Another possibility is that this particular opamp is broken. Probably not, but trying a second one is a good idea if you've checked the above two points and everything is within spec.

You should also have a bypass cap across the opamp power pins.