inverting-amplifieroperational-amplifier
Here you can see for an inverting Adder Circuit of Op amp the output is 14.61V but in the second image by solving it using formula I am getting output voltage is 16V why it is happening.
Here you can see Output is 16V .Here Vi1=-7 ;vi2=5 ;vi3=-7 and feedback resistance is 10K using these values and putting it to the formula of adder circuit I got 16V but in the schematics it is showing around 14.6V i couldn't figure out what is happening here.
The LM324 has an input common mode range of the negative rail up to two volts below the positive rail.
So with a five volt supply, you need to make sure your signals are in the 0-3 volt range for proper operation.
In no case should you apply a signal beyond the supply rails to the opamp's input, like 6.1 volts into a 5 volt-powered opamp.
I put your circuit into LTspice but it didn't work very well even when I upped the supply voltage to +/- 12V, so I Googled "precision full wave rectifier" and then clicked on the "More images..." header.
I found the circuit below, which looked pretty good, and tried it.
Unfortunately, I got oscillations on the rectified negative half-cycles and, suspecting the phase response through part(?) of the circuit to be the reason, I plugged in a couple of LT1007s to see if I could speed the thing up and brute force the oscillation out of there, and it cleaned up everything nicely!
If you want to play with the circuit, here's the LTspice circuit list.
Best Answer
You are using +/-15V rails, the opamp will never go beyond the voltage rails, in fact the opamp you are using will never go to the full voltage rails. Lower the inputs or bump the opamp rails.