An ampere is a measure of how many electrons move past a point every second (though technically, it's movement of any charged particles, but for metal wires it's always electrons). 1 ampere = 6,241,510,000,000,000,000 electrons per second. A pipe with water moving through it could be measured in gallons per second. Same idea.
Watts are not just used in electronics. They're a measure of the rate at which energy is used or transferred. A stick of dynamite and a candle have similar amounts of stored chemical energy, but the dynamite releases it much faster than the candle, so the dynamite has a higher power output (for a shorter time). Likewise you could use two identical batteries in different ways. If one way uses more power, the battery will not last as long.
1 horsepower is about 750 watts, if you're familiar with cars. Just different ways to measure the same thing.
watts = volts * amps. So a 60 W bulb plugged into a 120 V socket will be drawing 1/2 an amp.
60 W = 120 V * 0.5 A
In AC circuits, the electrons are vibrating back and forth instead of going in a continuous loop. The frequency is just the number of vibrations per second. 50 Hz means they move back and forth 50 times per second.
It's important to understand the difference between current flow and energy flow, though. The actual electrons in a wire don't move very fast. In a DC circuit, the actual electron flow around the loop might be at the speed of molasses. The reason flipping a switch causes the light to turn on very quickly is because the energy flow is very fast. The energy is carried by waves in the electrons, not the electrons themselves. They are constantly repelling each other, so when you push some extra electrons onto one end of a wire, the others nearby jump away, which causes more near them to jump away, and so on, creating a wave of "push" that travels down the wire and then pushes on things at the other end. This wave travels from one end of the wire to the other at maybe 2/3 the speed of light, while the electrons themselves barely move.
The difference is reflected in the horizontal axis in each plot: wavelength is a displacement in space, and period is a displacement in time. You would use wavelength when you are talking about spatial relations, e.g. the length of an antenna, and you would use period when you are talking about temporal relations, e.g. circuit trigger occurrences.
Best Answer
1.) Generally, when referring to a "clock", the signal in question is a never-ending pulse train with known frequency, amplitude, and edge rates.
However, a single pulse used, for instance, to initiate the propagation of a data signal through a "D" type flip-flop is often referred to as a "clock pulse" and, in fact, many logic chip diagrams label the clock input "CP".
2.) The term isn't "frequence", it's "frequency", and it was invented in order to indicate the number of generally regular occurrences of an event in a particular unit of time. In the scientific community, the frequency of an occurrence is measured in hertz, with one hertz being equal to one cycle per second.