There are a number of kits available (for example sparkfun's Breadboard Power Supply USB – 5V/3.3V and Breadboard Power Supply 5V/3.3V or Adafruit's Adjustable breadboard power supply kit – v1.0) but these all come as kits. What is a common and easy of-the-shelf way for a beginner to supply DC power to a breadboard without using batteries?
Electronic – What’s an easy way to supply power to a breadboard without using batteries
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Related Solutions
Consider something like this kit from Apogee. It's linear, has adjustable current limit (i.e. important) and meets your budget, as long as you can live with 3A for the time being. If you go bigger, you can get 5A but you're looking at closer to $300.
You can also keep your eyes open on online auction sites for used industrial equipment like the HP6038A (60V 10A) or the 6Instek GPC-3060D (dual 30V 6A, can be paralleled).
The probable problem is that the USB VCC and BPSS (Breadboard Power Supply Stick) 5V output are hard connected together and the regulator on the BPSS acts as a load to the USB 5V supply. See "Vcc back-feed" diagram below.
Breaking the 5V feed between the two power supplies MAY be all that is required.
This may cause "issues if the two nominal 5V supplies are substantially different in voltage but will probably work OK.
Care needs to be taken in choosing which items work on which supply.
An active switching arrangement that connected the two supplies only when both were powered may be useful but should not be necessary.
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Best Answer
I have found these breadboard power supplies ($2.12 or so on ebay.com, shipped) very useful for the purpose described:
Jumper-selected 3.3 and 5 Volt simultaneous outputs from wall-wart, USB or 9 Volt battery.
They have a convenient 2.1 mm barrel jack port on board, besides a power button and an indicator LED. You can choose to have 3.3 Volts on one of the power rail rows of the breadboard, and 5 Volts on the other, something I find especially useful.
As a fellow breadboard user, you might also find two of my answers to other questions on this site, of interest: