Electronic – Which way does power flow on USB type-c if CC1 and CC2 are not connected

You are trying to make so-called "legacy assembly". In normal Type-C to Type-C connector the role of host and device are automatically managed over CC line inside the cable. When you are building a legacy cable, legacy connectors/cables don't have CC pins, so the role of a port must be selected with proper resistors INSIDE the cable overmold. Even if a Type-C port has a fixed role as host, it won't output VBUS until it sees a valid signature on CC pins.

Your original cable end with 56k to VBUS indicates that the other end is HOST. Plugging HOST to HOST will result in a problem.

If you want your cable to behave as a device (and take charging function from a Type-C host), you need your cable to pretend to be a device. This is done with 5.1k pull-down on one of CC pins on the Type-C connector end. It should work.

No, the CC pins should not be tied together on Type-C receptacle. USB Type-C specifications, V1.4, has several places that deal with use of CC1 and CC2 pins.

If you are making a USb 3.x implementation, the active CC pin will tell you the right direction of Rx/Tx data MUX. Individual CC inputs on device receptacle form the entire idea of detection of plug orientation. The specs describe the process on p.165, Section 4.5.2.2.5.1 as:

If the port needs to determine the orientation of the connector, it shall do so only upon entry to this state by detecting which of the CC1 or CC2 pins is connected through the cable (i.e., the CC pin that is in the SNK.Rp state).

More, on pages 162 and 163 the specs explicitly say, i.e. Section 4.5.2.2.3.1:

Both CC1 and CC2 pins shall be independently terminated to ground through Rd.

Is this enough to convince you that CC pins should not be tied together?