Electronic – Why do LDR photocells use CdS and CdSe

photoresistorsemiconductors

Basically what the title says. Cadmium is a toxic, environmentally harmful heavy metal that's banned under the RoHS directive, and even before RoHS its toxicity was well known. What makes cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide such appealing semiconductors to make photocells out of?

Why not use silicon, which also drops in resistivity when exposed to light? Silicon does even respond to most visible light as far as I'm aware, though not as strongly as CdS/CdSe due to being an indirect bandgap semiconductor. But other direct bandgap semiconductors exist, too, including ones without any highly toxic elements, like gallium antimonide or tin sulfide, or any of the more complex compounds used for thin-film solar cells. What gives cadmium compounds such an advantage?

Best Answer

What makes cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide such appealing semiconductors to make photocells out of?

Cadmium sulfide and Cadmium selenide turn conductive in the visible wavelengths, they do this because they are semiconductors and the bandgap is responsive to visible wavelengths.

A photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. In the dark, a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as several megohms (MΩ), while in the light, a photoresistor can have a resistance as low as a few hundred ohms. If incident light on a photoresistor exceeds a certain frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons (and their hole partners) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance. The resistance range and sensitivity of a photoresistor can substantially differ among dissimilar devices. Moreover, unique photoresistors may react substantially differently to photons within certain wavelength bands. Source: Wikipedia Photoresistor

enter image description here Source: Optical and photoelectrical properties of CdSxSe1-x films produced by screen-printing technology

But other direct bandgap semiconductors exist, too, including ones without any highly toxic elements, like gallium antimonide or tin sulfide, or any of the more complex compounds used for thin-film solar cells. What gives cadmium compounds such an advantage?

There are other materials that are responsive, but CdS or CdSe have responsivity in the visible wavelength range, this is useful if you want your device to respond in the same wavelength range that people see in. CdS is the best photosensitive material in the visible range and photodetectors made from CdS are cheap. The alternative would be a photo diode circuit, which is more complex and requires more components.

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Source: http://www.resistorguide.com/photoresistor/

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