Electronic – Why does this kit only support 24V

It is an insulator so that current does NOT flow through the mechanical link. The mechanical link is not designed to handle high current flows, and may fail if subjected to high current flows.

In a fault condition, you do NOT want to have your mechanical supports fail because they have high current flowing through them.

In non-fault conditions you still don't want to have current flowing through your mechanical supports: they would find an equilibrium where the small fraction of the current flowing through the steel would keep it hot enough to not conduct more current. The hot steel would be susceptible to corrosion, and the threaded connectors would be susceptible to creep.

Note that the voltage is irrelevent for this mechanical support. The insulator is there because, even at 3KV, trains take a lot of current out of the supply. You can get the same problems with Low Voltage (48V) supply systems.

Looks like a self-oscillating converter, probably a primary winding, a feedback winding and a secondary winding (6 pins). It would be similar to this, but with many more turns on the secondary:

I think this is a blocking oscillator with the transformer primary in the emitter of the transistor and the feedback winding blocking the base voltage.

The transistor is probably a cheap high-current BJT such as an 8550 with a base resistor and nothing else. The blue capacitor and the brown film capacitor form a voltage doubler (there is room for parts for more multiplication, but they're not populated). The two resistors are to discharge the capacitor- one is a 22M and the other is a 20K. When they use the tripler configuration they probably use two 22M or a 22M and a 10M resistor. Th

The LED is just across the input power (after the tact switch) with a resistor in series.

These things have to make with BOM adding up to not many pennies, so everything is minimized. The output capacitor is probably being run at way over rated voltage, the transistor will probably burn out if you hold the switch down, the transformer insulation is unsuitable for anything but brief momentary operation. Minimalist, fully Muntzed, design philosophy.