How to design a binary counter with 4029 binary counter ic

You can simply use your 4 position switch to generate a control signal that then switches control elements (like MOSFETs). You need to change your LED drives to this (note I only show one LED and One switch)

^{simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab}

Something similar can be done with the 555 as well,

^{simulate this circuit}

Of course signal ctrl2, 3 etc. is not shown.

the main concern with this approach is two fold.

1)you must ensure that the gate swing is large enough that the transistor is remains fully conductive over the whole operational range.

2) if you put too large of a MOSFET in there the stray capacitance on the resistor chain will change the operating conditions.

At first glance, this appears to be a power problem. It appears that your "5 V" power supply droops to less than 4 V in operation.

• Perhaps the power supply is inadequate. So power your circuit from some other wall-wart or other power supply that can supply at least 10 times as much power as you think you need (at least 10 times as much current at 5V). (Another possible explanation: perhaps the wires and connectors and traces between your power supply and the chip's GND and power pins have too much resistance; so replace them with thicker wires and less oxidized connectors).

• No matter how good the wall-wart is, it can't do anything about the inductance in the wires between the wall-wart and your PCB. That inductance creates an impedance significantly larger than measuring the resistance of those wires might suggest. You need a "bulk capacitance" capacitor on your board. There are ways to calculate how much you need, but many people just throw on a 1000 uF capacitor on their first prototype -- usually overkill, but not worth trying to find out how much less we actually "need". "Logic Supply Decoupling Techniques", "General PCB Design Guide", "Decoupling Capacitance Design Rules", "Power Distribution System Design Methodology and Capacitor Selection for Modern CMOS Technology", etc.

• No matter how good a bulk capacitor is, it can't do anything about the inductance in the traces between that capacitor and each IC. That inductance creates an impedance significantly larger than measuring the resistance of those traces might suggest. Put a 100nF decoupling capacitor across the GND and power pin of every IC. "Decoupling Capacitors Explained -or- If You Like It Then You Shouldn’t Let It Ring Like That", "What is a decoupling capacitor and how do I know if I need one?", "Decoupling by Example", etc.

Unfortunately, these 3 problems bite extremely often, and cause all kinds of strange and not-quite-working-right behaviors.

(How do we add "decoupling and bulk capacitance" to the Electrical Engineering site FAQ ?)