I am currently working on an embedded audio processing system for electric guitar. I have constructed two JFET preamps (left and right channels) based on the j201 transistor using the common source self biased topology. I hand matched the two transistors and biased them from scratch and achieved a voltage gain of around x3. When pushed to saturation, the preamps also clip symmetrically, which is a good sign that the biasing point is correct. See design below.
My problem is that when the outputs from the preamps are connected to the line inputs of the WM8731 codec, almost all gain is attenuated and clipping occurs on the bottom rail. I don't know why this happens. See codec below
I am testing with a signal generator with 10kHz signal at 1.6Vpp with high impedance output.
Codec disconected => pk-pk around 6V, no clipping, clean inverted sine wave
Codec connected => pk-pk around 2.4V, clipping on bottom end
Again, the only thing I've done is plug in the codec between tests. I'm not sure if this is because of a lack of understanding of JFET characteristics or the codec in question, or even something else entirely. One thought that crossed my mind is that maybe the lower half of the voltage divider created by p2 is being loaded down by something in the codec, but then this would only attenuate the signal and not result in clipping on the bottom rail.
Best Answer
From page 3 of the datasheet, it appears the input resistance of the codec is between 15k-30k (nominal, depending on the gain setting). This is of the same order of magnitude as your JFET amplifier's output impedance, so the signal reduction is consistent with what you have observed.
Regarding the clipping, the datasheet states that the input signal must be AC coupled. Your circuit is not doing this as P2 provides a bias current path to ground. This will be affecting the internal bias of the codec and is why it is clipping more on the ground side than the positive.
Putting another coupling capacitor at the output of P2 will fix the offset problem, but if you want the gain to be at all stable, you will have to either reduce the output impedance of your amplifier or add a buffering stage.
However, did you notice that the codec has an internal programmable amplifier? Why don't you just use a JFET configured as a source follower (unity gain buffer) and use the codec chip to scale the signal to match the ADC's dynamic range.