404 Error: Page Not Found After Restoring Site to New Location

You're not going to get out of this without a little debugging. The following applies to Magento CE, but should be relevant for Magento EE. Also, this post summarizes a lot of material found in my Magento Dispatch series. If you want to really engage in some bottom up debugging, start there.

To start, most of the Magento problems I see boil down to "I was really sure this one thing was X, but it was actually Y". Even if you're absolutely sure about something I tell you to check, make sure you actually check it.

The routing for Magento's homepage is handled by the Mage_Core_Controller_Varien_Router_Standard object. The first key part is this line

#File: app/code/core/Mage/Core/Controller/Varien/Router/Standard.php

$p = explode('/', $this->_getDefaultPath());

The _getDefaultPath method looks at your Magento store config for the set value.

protected function _getDefaultPath()
{
    return Mage::getStoreConfig('web/default/front');
}

which is the configuration that corresponds to

System -> Configuration -> Web -> Default Pages -> Default Web URL

Tripple check that this value is set to the string

`cms`

and that your core_config_data table

select * from core_config_data where path = 'web/default/front';

doesn't contain any unexpected scoped values.

Once you've done the above, add some temporary debugging code to peek at the value of $p after that call.

$p = explode('/', $this->_getDefaultPath());
var_dump($p);
//or
Mage::Log($p);
//or
file_put_contents('/tmp/test.log',"$p\n",FILE_APPEND);

You should see output something like this

array (size=1)
    0 => string '' (length=0)

array (size=1)
    0 => string 'cms' (length=3)

The reason you have two items being dumped/logged is the match method is shared between the admin router and the standard router object. If the second item isn't a one element array with cms, that's your problem. Figure out what that's not happening, and you'll be on your way to solving the problem.

Assuming that's not the problem, Magento should now dispatch to the indexAction method in the IndexController.php file in the Mage_Cms module. Ensure this is the case by adding the following two lines to the start of indexAction

#File: app/code/core/Mage/Cms/controllers/IndexController.php
public function indexAction($coreRoute = null)
{
    $pageId = Mage::getStoreConfig(Mage_Cms_Helper_Page::XML_PATH_HOME_PAGE);
    if (!Mage::helper('cms/page')->renderPage($this, $pageId)) {
        $this->_forward('defaultIndex');
    }
}

You should see Mage_Cms_IndexController::indexAction dumped to the browser window. If this doesn't happen, then there's something about your system that's preventing standard routing from being used — jump back up into the match method and figure out why $controller, $controllerClassName, $controllerInstance, and $action variables don't point to the indexAction method in the IndexController.php file in the Mage_Cms module. (If this is the case, say so in the comments and I'll provide an update debugging scanrio for this)

Assuming you are being routed to this controller file and action correctly, remove the

var_dump(__METHOD__);
exit;

and instead add a new var_dump

$pageId = Mage::getStoreConfig(Mage_Cms_Helper_Page::XML_PATH_HOME_PAGE);    
var_dump($pageId);  

Magento allows you to configure the identifier of the page that should be used as the home page. The Mage_Cms_Helper_Page::XML_PATH_HOME_PAGE should corresponds with the store config path web/default/cms_home_page, which corresponds with the

System -> Configuration -> Web -> Default Pages -> CMS Home Page

section. This is where you tell Magento which CMS page you want to use as your homepage. You should see something like

string 'home' (length=4)

or

string 'about-magento-demo-store' (length=4) 

or etc. dumped to your screen. This is the CMS home page identifier. If you're setting an unexpected value, try running the following

select * from core_config_data where path = 'web/default/cms_home_page';

to check for scoped values. Regardless of what you CMS Home Page ID is, check for the page's existence with the following SQL statement (assuming a value of home).

select * from cms_page where identifier = 'home';

If Magento can't find the configured page in your system, it will forward to the 404 page. You can see that with the following code in indexAction

if (!Mage::helper('cms/page')->renderPage($this, $pageId)) {
    $this->_forward('defaultIndex');
}

If renderPage returns false, then we're forwarded to the defaultIndexAction method which renders the 404 page.

public function defaultIndexAction()
{
    $this->getResponse()->setHeader('HTTP/1.1','404 Not Found');
    $this->getResponse()->setHeader('Status','404 File not found');

    $this->loadLayout();
    $this->renderLayout();
}    

That should be enough to find 90% of your "no route to homepage" problems, and point you in a debugging direction for the other 10%.

Because you have stated that you are getting a db connection error when trying to re-index at the command line it sounds like your local.xml is not correct.

1) You should rename your local.xml to something other than anything dot xml (like local.bak) and let the install process run. This will ensure you have a working database.

2) You should install Magerun which will allow you to diagnose issues from the command line much easier.

3) You can also try to connect to your database from your command line which will ensure that you can actually connect to your database.

4) On your local machine for testing you can decrease permissions to ensure that part of your problem is not permission related.