Magento – How to make cart Totals (shipping and tax) display labels before address entered in and calculated

partial answer

1. Order in Backend does not fully affect rendering

• The totals are rendered by an "area".
• The grand total is in the area "footer". See template\checkout\cart\totals.phtml.
• Passing -1 to renderTotals() renders all areas.

So you have to remove $this->renderTotals('footer'); and change
$this->renderTotals(); to $this->renderTotals(-1);

Example (after copying totals.phtml to your own theme):

<table id="shopping-cart-totals-table">
    <col />
    <col width="1" />
    <tbody>
        <?php echo $this->renderTotals(-1); ?>
    </tbody>
</table>

After this change, the order configured in the back-end works as expected.

If you know the extension being responsible for the discount, you can edit its Totals Model... After found the responsible extension look for the totam model, generally the path is like this: Model/Sales/Total/Quote/Totalname.php .

There you will have to edit the collect() method and mabye the fetch() method... The collect is responsible for update the values of the quote, the fetch is responsible to show that labels of discount after subtotal and before grandtotal...

I think in the collect the must have something like:

$address->setGrandTotal($address->getGrandTotal() - $discount);

generally is something like this just change the getGrandTotal to getSubtotal, maybe it works...