Magento 2.3.0 – Fix Customizable Options Error: Required Option Not Entered

I think you are looking for $product->getOptions()[0]->getValues()[0]->getOptionTypeId()

After create or update product attribute programmatically (like tier price , etc..) by mistake product has_option set with false value.

check in "catalog_product_entity" table.

select entity_id, has_options, sku from `catalog_product_entity` where  sku = {sky of yourproduct}

So update it if has_options value is zero or null.

UPDATE `catalog_product_entity` set has_options =1 where  sku = {sky of yourproduct} 

As describe @Gulshan. find out and update product which has_options column value are false.

SELECT * FROM `catalog_product_entity` WHERE entity_id in (SELECT product_id FROM `catalog_product_option`) and has_options = 0;

And update it with update query. Before update keep backup for table "catalog_product_entity" table.

UPDATE `catalog_product_entity` set has_options =1 where entity_id in (SELECT product_id FROM `catalog_product_option`) and has_options = 0 ;

Refresh cache and check product detail page.