Magento2 – How to Get Attribute Group ID Using Attribute Set ID

Create a new file on the same level as index.php. Let's call it groups.php with this content:

<?php
//enable errors to see if something is wrong
error_reporting(E_ALL | E_STRICT);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);
//include Mage.php
define('MAGENTO_ROOT', getcwd());
$mageFilename = MAGENTO_ROOT . '/app/Mage.php';
require_once $mageFilename;
//tell magento that you are running on developer mode, for additional error messages (if any)
Mage::setIsDeveloperMode(true);
//instantiate the application
Mage::app();
//get the type ID of the product - you will need it later
$entityTypeId = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->getResource()->getTypeId();
//get all attribute sets
$sets = Mage::getModel('eav/entity_attribute_set')
    ->getResourceCollection()
    //filter only sets for products - that's why you needed the product type ID
    ->addFilter('entity_type_id', $entityTypeId);
//loop through all the sets
foreach ($sets as $set){
    //create an attribute group instance
    $modelGroup = Mage::getModel('eav/entity_attribute_group');
    //set the group name
    $modelGroup->setAttributeGroupName('Some group name here') //change group name
        //link to the current set
        ->setAttributeSetId($set->getId())
        //set the order in the set
        ->setSortOrder(100);
    //save the new group
    $modelGroup->save();
}

Save the file and access it in the browser: mysite.com/groups.php or run it in the command line:
> php /path/to/groups.php.
Now you should see the new group in all your attribute sets.
This can be done via an upgrade script, but it seams easier this way.

Not much clear what you want to do really. Anyway this is the script to create a product attribute after you created the attribute set.

<?php

$th =  new Mage_Catalog_Model_Resource_Setup();  
$th->addAttribute(Mage_Catalog_Model_Product::ENTITY, 'your_custom_attribute_code', array(
            'group' => 'Prices', 
            'type' => 'text',
                        'attribute_set' =>  'Default', // Your custom Attribute set
            'backend' => '',
            'frontend' => '',
            'label' => 'My Custom Attribute',
            'input' => 'text',
            'global' => Mage_Catalog_Model_Resource_Eav_Attribute::SCOPE_GLOBAL,
            'visible' => true,
            'required' => false,
            'user_defined' => true,
            'default' => '1',
            'searchable' => false,
            'filterable' => true,
            'comparable' => false,
            'visible_on_front' => true,
            'visible_in_advanced_search' => true,
            'used_in_product_listing' => true,
            'unique' => false,
            'apply_to' => 'simple',  // Apply to simple product type
        ) );

Note : For further info please refer http://www.magentocommerce.com/wiki/5_-_modules_and_development/catalog/programmatically_adding_attributes_and_attribute_sets