Magento – Magento 2: How to override the model

It's caused by the fact that your model constructor does not match your original model constructor.

So this is the constructor from Magento\Newsletter\Model\Queue :

public function __construct(
    \Magento\Framework\Model\Context $context,
    \Magento\Framework\Registry $registry,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\Template\Filter $templateFilter,
    \Magento\Framework\Stdlib\DateTime\DateTime $date,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\TemplateFactory $templateFactory,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\ProblemFactory $problemFactory,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\ResourceModel\Subscriber\CollectionFactory $subscriberCollectionFactory,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\Queue\TransportBuilder $transportBuilder,
    \Magento\Framework\Model\ResourceModel\AbstractResource $resource = null,
    \Magento\Framework\Data\Collection\AbstractDb $resourceCollection = null,
    array $data = []
) {
    parent::__construct(
        $context,
        $registry,
        $resource,
        $resourceCollection,
        $data
    );
    $this->_templateFilter = $templateFilter;
    $this->_date = $date;
    $this->_templateFactory = $templateFactory;
    $this->_problemFactory = $problemFactory;
    $this->_subscribersCollection = $subscriberCollectionFactory->create();
    $this->_transportBuilder = $transportBuilder;
}

To fix your constructor it needs to be:

public function __construct(
    \Magento\Framework\Model\Context $context,
    \Magento\Framework\Registry $registry,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\Template\Filter $templateFilter,
    \Magento\Framework\Stdlib\DateTime\DateTime $date,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\TemplateFactory $templateFactory,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\ProblemFactory $problemFactory,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\ResourceModel\Subscriber\CollectionFactory $subscriberCollectionFactory,
    \Magento\Newsletter\Model\Queue\TransportBuilder $transportBuilder,
    \Magento\Framework\Model\ResourceModel\AbstractResource $resource = null,
    \Magento\Framework\Data\Collection\AbstractDb $resourceCollection = null,
    \Vendor\Module\Block\Testing $customergroup,
    \Magento\Customer\Model\ResourceModel\Group\Collection $customergroupdata,
    array $data = []
)
{
    $this->_customergroup = $customergroup;
    $this->_customergroupdata = $customergroupdata;
    parent::__construct(
        $context,
        $registry,
        $templateFilter,
        $date,
        $templateFactory,
        $problemFactory,
        $subscriberCollectionFactory,
        $transportBuilder,
        $resource,
        $resourceCollection,
        $data
    );
}

You cannot override classes which does not injected via DI. This class used only as parent and does not injected in any contructors and does not created via ObjectManager.

To override this model you need to create preference on injected subtypes (\Magento\Customer\Model\Address, ...).

But preference is not good way to add functionality. You can write plugin on \Magento\Customer\Model\Address\AbstractAddress and easy solve your problem.