I replaced the data-bind attribute with a new action here to enable the quantity box in relation to the quantity that needed to be edited. This was at about line 98 for me.
Under checkout module, you have CustomerData/Cart.php folder which does the rendering of the cart items. Each items are rendered based on the product type.
So, for Example, if you want to modify configurable product, go to configurable product module CustomerData folder.
For simple products, you need to look into the checkout module CustomerData/DefaultItem.php doGetItemData()
To load Custom attributes over there and pass it as additional JSON param, you can load the product obj and get the value
I don't think there is a way to do this just via admin. You can set a max quantity for products to be one however but this does not remove the quantity boxes. This requires a bit of work on the template see here:
The cart may require further work on templates however should only be a matter of copying some template files into your theme and setting a condition like in link above or completely removing the quantity code. This will need to be done for cart and product pages in your case.
Best Answer
As stated my Mahalakshmi the file of interest is
Make a copy of this file into your custom theme so file is overridden e.g.
You can then make some basic modifications to this file outlined below.
Disable the Quantity Box
Add disabled attribute to the input box like below:
This was around line 74 for me on version 2.2.1.
Add logic to enable quantity box
I replaced the data-bind attribute with a new action here to enable the quantity box in relation to the quantity that needed to be edited. This was at about line 98 for me.