Magento2 – Table Name for Product Visibility

Use this:

$collection = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->getCollection()->addAttributeToFilter('visibility', 4);
$collection->joinTable('catalog/product_relation', 'child_id=entity_id', array(
            'parent_id' => 'parent_id'
        ), null, 'left')->addAttributeToFilter(array(
            array(
                'attribute' => 'parent_id',
                'null' => null
            )
        ));

Mysql: Magento save the relation between configurable product and it child products at catalog_product_super_link and save it product basic data at catalog_product_entity Table.

Write select query with select type_id=simple simple product and check that product id exit at catalog_product_super_link table product_id. columns.

For getting Simple products that are associated with configurable product

    SELECT * FROM `catalog_product_entity` where entity_id 
 in (SELECT product_id FROM `catalog_product_super_link`) and type_id='simple'

Update Query:

UPDATE catalog_product_entity_int SET value = 1 WHERE
attribute_id = (SELECT attribute_id FROM eav_attribute WHERE attribute_code = "visibility")
AND
entity_id in (SELECT entity_id FROM catalog_product_entity where entity_id   in (SELECT product_id FROM catalog_product_super_link) and 
type_id='simple');