Magento – Magento2: Get category product count which is show in admin after the category name

list.phtml

Get the layout of Current Category

$yourCatId = $this->getCategoryId(); 
echo $this->getLayout()->getBlock('root')->getTemplate($yourCatId);

This is to get list of all category and there layouts:

$categories = Mage::getModel('catalog/category')->getCollection()
->addAttributeToSelect('id')
->addAttributeToSelect('name')
->addAttributeToSelect('url_key')
->addAttributeToSelect('url')
->addAttributeToSelect('is_active');

foreach ($categories as $category)
{
    if ($category->getIsActive()) { // Only pull Active categories
        $entity_id = $category->getId();
        echo $this->getLayout()->getBlock('root')->getTemplate($entity_id);

    }
}

I'm not sure where your template file featured.phtml is coming from, as it seems not the be a Magento core file.
But you can use your own template file (other then featured.phtml) and make sure it outputs the category name of the called category (referenced by category_id="8").

Copy your featured.phtml and add a line to output the category's name. As your block type is catalog/product_list look at the file app/code/core/Mage/Catalog/Block/Product/List.php to get a clue how you can achive this. As you can see in line 79 you can get the referenced category ID by $this->getCategoryId().

So a

<?php echo Mage::getModel('catalog/category')->load($this->getCategoryId())->getName() ?>

would do the trick inside you template file. The layout is up to you.

This is from Vinai's reply on https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9534236/how-to-get-the-category-name-from-list-phtml-in-magento